MCQs on Lithosphere – Geography
Q1. The lithosphere is composed of:
a) Crust and upper mantle
b) Crust and lower mantle
c) Upper mantle and lower mantle
d) Crust and core
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Correct Answer: a) Crust and upper mantle
Explanation: The lithosphere is the rigid outer layer of the Earth, composed of the crust and the upper part of the mantle.
Q2. Which of the following is NOT a type of rock found in the lithosphere?
a) Igneous
b) Sedimentary
c) Metamorphic
d) Gaseous
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Correct Answer: d) Gaseous
Explanation: The lithosphere consists of three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic) Gaseous is not a type of rock.
Q3. The process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces is called:
a) Weathering
b) Erosion
c) Deposition
d) Compaction
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Correct Answer: a) Weathering
Explanation: Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces through physical, chemical, or biological processes.
Q4. The process by which weathered rock material is moved from one place to another is called:
a) Weathering
b) Erosion
c) Deposition
d) Compaction
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Correct Answer: b) Erosion
Explanation: Erosion is the process by which weathered rock material is transported from one place to another by agents such as water, wind, ice, or gravity.
Q5. The process by which sediments are laid down in a new location is called:
a) Weathering
b) Erosion
c) Deposition
d) Compaction
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Correct Answer: c) Deposition
Explanation: Deposition is the process by which sediments are laid down in a new location after being transported by agents of erosion.
Q6. Which of the following is an example of a tectonic plate boundary?
a) Divergent boundary
b) Convergent boundary
c) Transform boundary
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Tectonic plate boundaries can be classified into three types: divergent boundaries (where plates move apart), convergent boundaries (where plates move towards each other), and transform boundaries (where plates slide past each other).
Q7. The theory that explains the movement of Earth’s lithosphere is called:
a) Continental drift
b) Seafloor spreading
c) Plate tectonics
d) Isostasy
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Correct Answer: c) Plate tectonics
Explanation: Plate tectonics is the theory that explains the movement of Earth’s lithosphere as a result of the interactions between tectonic plates.
Q8. Which of the following is NOT a type of plate boundary interaction?
a) Divergent
b) Convergent
c) Transform
d) Subduction
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Correct Answer: d) Subduction
Explanation: Subduction is a process that occurs at convergent plate boundaries, where one plate is forced beneath another. It is not a type of plate boundary interaction itself but rather a process that occurs at convergent boundaries.
Q9. The process by which new oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges is called:
a) Continental drift
b) Seafloor spreading
c) Plate tectonics
d) Isostasy
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Correct Answer: b) Seafloor spreading
Explanation: Seafloor spreading is the process by which new oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges as a result of the upwelling of magma and the subsequent spreading of the crust away from the ridge.
Q10. The process by which one tectonic plate is forced beneath another is called:
a) Subduction
b) Uplift
c) Folding
d) Faulting
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Correct Answer: a) Subduction
Explanation: Subduction is the process by which one tectonic plate is forced beneath another, usually at a convergent plate boundary.
Q11. Which of the following is an example of a convergent plate boundary?
a) Mid-Atlantic Ridge
b) San Andreas Fault
c) Himalayan Mountains
d) East African Rift
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Correct Answer: c) Himalayan Mountains
Explanation: The Himalayan Mountains are an example of a convergent plate boundary, where the Indian Plate is colliding with the Eurasian Plate.
Q12. Which of the following is an example of a divergent plate boundary?
a) Mid-Atlantic Ridge
b) San Andreas Fault
c) Himalayan Mountains
d) East African Rift
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Correct Answer: a) Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Explanation: The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a divergent plate boundary, where the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate are moving away from each other.
Q13. Which of the following is an example of a transform plate boundary?
a) Mid-Atlantic Ridge
b) San Andreas Fault
c) Himalayan Mountains
d) East African Rift
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Correct Answer: b) San Andreas Fault
Explanation: The San Andreas Fault is an example of a transform plate boundary, where the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate are sliding past each other.
Q14. The process by which rocks change in response to changes in temperature, pressure, or the addition of fluids is called:
a) Weathering
b) Erosion
c) Metamorphism
d) Deposition
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Correct Answer: c) Metamorphism
Explanation: Metamorphism is the process by which rocks change in response to changes in temperature, pressure, or the addition of fluids, resulting in the formation of metamorphic rocks.
Q15. Which of the following is an example of a metamorphic rock?
a) Granite
b) Sandstone
c) Marble
d) Basalt
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Correct Answer: c) Marble
Explanation: Marble is an example of a metamorphic rock, formed from the metamorphism of limestone.
Q16. Which of the following is an example of an igneous rock?
a) Granite
b) Sandstone
c) Marble
d) Shale
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Correct Answer: a) Granite
Explanation: Granite is an example of an igneous rock, formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
Q17. Which of the following is an example of a sedimentary rock?
a) Granite
b) Sandstone
c) Marble
d) Basalt
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Correct Answer: b) Sandstone
Explanation: Sandstone is an example of a sedimentary rock, formed from the compaction and cementation of sand-sized particles.
Q18. The process by which minerals are dissolved in water and transported to a new location is called:
a) Weathering
b) Erosion
c) Leaching
d) Deposition
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Correct Answer: c) Leaching
Explanation: Leaching is the process by which minerals are dissolved in water and transported to a new location, often resulting in the removal of nutrients from soil.
Q19. The process by which rocks are bent or folded due to compressional forces is called:
a) Uplift
b) Folding
c) Faulting
d) Subduction
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Correct Answer: b) Folding
Explanation: Folding is the process by which rocks are bent or folded due to compressional forces, often at convergent plate boundaries.
Q20. The process by which rocks are broken or displaced along a fault is called:
a) Uplift
b) Folding
c) Faulting
d) Subduction
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Correct Answer: c) Faulting
Explanation: Faulting is the process by which rocks are broken or displaced along a fault, which is a fracture or zone of fractures in the Earth’s crust.