MCQs on Earth Planet – Geography
Q1. Which layer of the Earth is composed primarily of solid rock?
a) Crust
b) Mantle
c) Outer core
d) Inner core
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Correct Answer: a) Crust
Explanation: The Earth’s crust is the outermost layer composed primarily of solid rock. It is the thinnest layer, varying in thickness from about 5 km to 70 km.
Q2. Which layer of the Earth is composed primarily of molten rock?
a) Crust
b) Mantle
c) Outer core
d) Inner core
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Correct Answer: b) Mantle
Explanation: The Earth’s mantle is the layer beneath the crust, composed primarily of molten rock. It extends from the base of the crust to a depth of about 2,900 km.
Q3. Which layer of the Earth is composed primarily of liquid iron and nickel?
a) Crust
b) Mantle
c) Outer core
d) Inner core
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Correct Answer: c) Outer core
Explanation: The Earth’s outer core is composed primarily of liquid iron and nickel. It extends from the base of the mantle to a depth of about 5,150 km.
Q4. Which layer of the Earth is composed primarily of solid iron and nickel?
a) Crust
b) Mantle
c) Outer core
d) Inner core
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Correct Answer: d) Inner core
Explanation: The Earth’s inner core is composed primarily of solid iron and nickel. It is located at the center of the Earth, with a radius of about 1,220 km.
Q5. What is the approximate age of the Earth?
a) 2.5 billion years
b) 4.6 billion years
c) 6.4 billion years
d) 8.2 billion years
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Correct Answer: b) 4.6 billion years
Explanation: The Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old, based on the age of the oldest rocks found on Earth and the age of meteorites.
Q6. What is the Earth’s average distance from the Sun?
a) 93 million miles (150 million kilometers)
b) 100 million miles (161 million kilometers)
c) 110 million miles (177 million kilometers)
d) 120 million miles (193 million kilometers)
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Correct Answer: a) 93 million miles (150 million kilometers)
Explanation: The Earth’s average distance from the Sun is approximately 93 million miles (150 million kilometers), which is defined as one astronomical unit (AU).
Q7. What is the Earth’s equatorial circumference?
a) 24,901 miles (40,075 kilometers)
b) 25,901 miles (41,675 kilometers)
c) 26,901 miles (43,275 kilometers)
d) 27,901 miles (44,875 kilometers)
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Correct Answer: a) 24,901 miles (40,075 kilometers)
Explanation: The Earth’s equatorial circumference is approximately 24,901 miles (40,075 kilometers).
Q8. What is the Earth’s axial tilt relative to its orbital plane?
a) 23.5 degrees
b) 25.5 degrees
c) 27.5 degrees
d) 29.5 degrees
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Correct Answer: a) 23.5 degrees
Explanation: The Earth’s axial tilt relative to its orbital plane is approximately 23.5 degrees. This tilt is responsible for the changing seasons on Earth.
Q9. What is the Earth’s average density?
a) 3.5 g/cm³
b) 4.5 g/cm³
c) 5.5 g/cm³
d) 6.5 g/cm³
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Correct Answer: c) 5.5 g/cm³
Explanation: The Earth’s average density is approximately 5.5 g/cm³, making it the densest planet in the solar system.
Q10. What is the Earth’s escape velocity?
a) 7.9 km/s
b) 9.8 km/s
c) 11.2 km/s
d) 12.5 km/s
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Correct Answer: c) 11.2 km/s
Explanation: The Earth’s escape velocity is approximately 11.2 km/s, which is the minimum speed required for an object to break free from the Earth’s gravitational pull.
Q11. What percentage of the Earth’s surface is covered by water?
a) 50%
b) 60%
c) 70%
d) 80%
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Correct Answer: c) 70%
Explanation: Approximately 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water, primarily in the form of oceans.
Q12. What is the Earth’s highest point above sea level?
a) Mount Everest
b) K2
c) Kangchenjunga
d) Lhotse
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Correct Answer: a) Mount Everest
Explanation: Mount Everest is the Earth’s highest point above sea level, with an elevation of 8,848 meters (29,029 feet).
Q13. What is the Earth’s lowest point below sea level?
a) Mariana Trench
b) Challenger Deep
c) Puerto Rico Trench
d) Sunda Trench
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Correct Answer: b) Challenger Deep
Explanation: The Earth’s lowest point below sea level is the Challenger Deep, located in the Mariana Trench, with a depth of 10,994 meters (36,070 feet).
Q14. What is the Earth’s largest ocean?
a) Atlantic Ocean
b) Indian Ocean
c) Pacific Ocean
d) Southern Ocean
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Correct Answer: c) Pacific Ocean
Explanation: The Pacific Ocean is the Earth’s largest ocean, covering an area of about 63.8 million square miles (165.25 million square kilometers).
Q15. What is the Earth’s largest continent?
a) Africa
b) Antarctica
c) Asia
d) Europe
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Correct Answer: c) Asia
Explanation: Asia is the Earth’s largest continent, covering an area of about 17.2 million square miles (44.58 million square kilometers).
Q16. What is the Earth’s longest river?
a) Amazon River
b) Nile River
c) Yangtze River
d) Mississippi River
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Correct Answer: b) Nile River
Explanation: The Nile River is the Earth’s longest river, with a length of about 6,650 km (4,130 miles).
Q17. What is the Earth’s largest desert?
a) Sahara Desert
b) Arabian Desert
c) Gobi Desert
d) Kalahari Desert
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Correct Answer: a) Sahara Desert
Explanation: The Sahara Desert is the Earth’s largest desert, covering an area of about 3.6 million square miles (9.4 million square kilometers).
Q18. What is the Earth’s largest lake?
a) Lake Superior
b) Lake Victoria
c) Caspian Sea
d) Lake Baikal
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Correct Answer: c) Caspian Sea
Explanation: The Caspian Sea is the world’s largest lake, with a surface area of approximately 371,000 square kilometers (143,000 square miles).
Q19. What causes Earth’s seasons?
a) Earth’s distance from the Sun
b) Earth’s axial tilt
c) Earth’s rotation
d) Earth’s revolution
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Correct Answer: b) Earth’s axial tilt
Explanation: Earth’s seasons are caused by its axial tilt of approximately 23.5 degrees, which results in different parts of the Earth receiving varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year.
Q20. What is the Earth’s most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
a) Oxygen
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Argon
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Correct Answer: b) Nitrogen
Explanation: Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, making up approximately 78% of the atmosphere’s volume.