MCQs onvolcanic eruptions and their types – World Geography
Q1. Which of the following is NOT a type of volcanic eruption?
a. Icelandic
b. Hawaiian
c. Strombolian
d. Tectonic
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Correct Answer: d. Tectonic
Explanation: Tectonic is not a type of volcanic eruption. Icelandic, Hawaiian, and Strombolian are types of volcanic eruptions.
Q2. What is the primary cause of a volcanic eruption?
a. Movement of tectonic plates
b. Cooling of magma
c. Increase in pressure within the magma chamber
d. Increase in atmospheric pressure
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Correct Answer: c. Increase in pressure within the magma chamber
Explanation: The primary cause of a volcanic eruption is the increase in pressure within the magma chamber, which forces magma to rise and erupt.
Q3. Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by the outpouring of lava without significant explosive eruption?
a. Effusive
b. Explosive
c. Phreatic
d. Magmatic
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Correct Answer: a. Effusive
Explanation: Effusive eruptions are characterized by the outpouring of lava without significant explosive eruption.
Q4. Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by the release of gas within magma that propels it forward?
a. Effusive
b. Explosive
c. Phreatic
d. Magmatic
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Correct Answer: d. Magmatic
Explanation: Magmatic eruptions involve the decompression of gas within magma that propels it forward.
Q5. Which type of volcanic eruption is driven by the superheating of steam due to the close proximity of magma?
a. Effusive
b. Explosive
c. Phreatic
d. Magmatic
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Correct Answer: c. Phreatic
Explanation: Phreatic eruptions are driven by the superheating of steam due to the close proximity of magma and exhibit no magmatic release.
Q6. Which of the following is a type of explosive volcanic eruption?
a. Icelandic
b. Hawaiian
c. Strombolian
d. Effusive
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Correct Answer: c. Strombolian
Explanation: Strombolian eruptions are a type of explosive volcanic eruption.
Q7. Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by the release of ash, gas, and lava high up into the atmosphere?
a. Effusive
b. Explosive
c. Phreatic
d. Magmatic
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Correct Answer: b. Explosive
Explanation: Explosive eruptions are characterized by the release of ash, gas, and lava high up into the atmosphere.
Q8. Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by the release of fluid lava flows?
a. Effusive
b. Explosive
c. Phreatic
d. Magmatic
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Correct Answer: a. Effusive
Explanation: Effusive eruptions are characterized by the release of fluid lava flows.
Q9. Which of the following is a result of a volcanic eruption?
a. Earthquakes
b. Tsunamis
c. Landslides
d. All of the above
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Correct Answer: d. All of the above
Explanation: Volcanic eruptions can cause earthquakes, tsunamis, and landslides.
Q10. Which type of volcano is known for its explosive eruptions?
a. Cinder cone
b. Shield
c. Composite
d. Lava dome
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Correct Answer: c. Composite
Explanation: Composite volcanoes are known for their explosive eruptions.
Q11. What is the term for solid fragments ejected from a volcano?
a. Nuee ardente
b. Lahars
c. Pyroclastics
d. Lava
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Correct Answer: c. Pyroclastics
Explanation: Solid fragments ejected from a volcano are called pyroclastics.
Q12. Which type of volcanic eruption can form pyroclastic flows that sweep down valleys, destroying everything in their path?
a. Effusive
b. Explosive
c. Phreatic
d. Magmatic
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Correct Answer: b. Explosive
Explanation: Explosive eruptions can form pyroclastic flows that sweep down valleys, destroying everything in their path.
Q13. What is the point within the Earth where a volcanic eruption originates called?
a. Epicenter
b. Hypocenter
c. Focus
d. Magma chamber
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Correct Answer: d. Magma chamber
Explanation: The point within the Earth where a volcanic eruption originates is called the magma chamber.
Q14. What is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the magma chamber of a volcano called?
a. Epicenter
b. Hypocenter
c. Focus
d. Vent
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Correct Answer: d. Vent
Explanation: The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the magma chamber of a volcano is called the vent.
Q15. Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the intensity of a volcanic eruption?
a. Magma composition
b. Gas content
c. Distance from the epicenter
d. Local soil and rock conditions
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Correct Answer: c. Distance from the epicenter
Explanation: The intensity of a volcanic eruption is affected by factors such as magma composition, gas content, and local soil and rock conditions.
Q16. Which of the following is a method used to reduce the impact of volcanic eruptions on human populations?
a. Seismic hazard assessment
b. Volcanic hazard assessment
c. Seismic zoning
d. Volcanic monitoring
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Correct Answer: b. Volcanic hazard assessment
Explanation: Volcanic hazard assessment is a method used to predict the likelihood of future volcanic eruptions and their potential impacts on human populations.
Q17. What is the study of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions called?
a. Geology
b. Seismology
c. Volcanology
d. Geophysics
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Correct Answer: c. Volcanology
Explanation: Volcanology is the study of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions.
Q18. Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by the release of magma as lava or tephra?
a. Effusive
b. Explosive
c. Phreatic
d. Magmatic
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Correct Answer: d. Magmatic
Explanation: Magmatic eruptions are characterized by the release of magma as lava or tephra.
Q19. Which type of volcanic eruption is driven by the interaction between ground or surface waters and hot magma?
a. Effusive
b. Explosive
c. Phreatic
d. Magmatic
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Correct Answer: c. Phreatic
Explanation: Phreatic eruptions are driven by the interaction between ground or surface waters and hot magma.
Q20. Which of the following is a technique used to predict the likelihood of future volcanic eruptions in a specific region?
a. Seismic hazard assessment
b. Volcanic hazard assessment
c. Seismic zoning
d. Volcanic monitoring
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Correct Answer: b. Volcanic hazard assessment
Explanation: Volcanic hazard assessment is a technique used to predict the likelihood of future volcanic eruptions in a specific region. It involves analyzing historical eruption data, local geology, and monitoring volcanic activity to estimate the probability of future eruptions and their potential impacts on human populations and the environment.