Q1. Which chemical compound is commonly used as a disinfectant for water purification and sanitation purposes?
a) Sodium chloride
b) Sodium hypochlorite
c) Sodium hydroxide
d) Sodium carbonate
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Correct Answer: b) Sodium hypochlorite
Explanation: Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is a chemical compound commonly used as a disinfectant for water purification and sanitation. It is often added to drinking water and swimming pools to kill bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens, thus ensuring safe water for consumption and recreational activities. Sodium hypochlorite works by releasing hypochlorous acid, a potent oxidizing agent, which reacts with and destroys microorganisms. Its effectiveness, affordability, and ease of use make it a widely utilized disinfectant in various industrial, municipal, and household applications.
Q2. Which chemical compound is used as an antacid to relieve heartburn and indigestion?
a) Sodium bicarbonate
b) Calcium carbonate
c) Magnesium hydroxide
d) Aluminum hydroxide
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Correct Answer: b) Calcium carbonate
Explanation: Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is commonly used as an antacid to relieve heartburn and indigestion. When ingested, calcium carbonate reacts with stomach acid to neutralize excess acid and alleviate symptoms of acidity. It also serves as a calcium supplement, providing additional benefits for bone health. Calcium carbonate-based antacids are available over the counter in various forms, including tablets, chewable tablets, and liquid suspensions.
Q3. Which chemical compound is commonly used as a food preservative to prevent spoilage and inhibit microbial growth?
a) Sodium benzoate
b) Potassium chloride
c) Calcium sulfate
d) Sodium nitrate
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Correct Answer: a) Sodium benzoate
Explanation: Sodium benzoate (C7H5NaO2) is a chemical compound commonly used as a food preservative to prevent spoilage and inhibit microbial growth in various food products. It works by disrupting the metabolic processes of microorganisms, thereby preventing their proliferation and spoilage of food. Sodium benzoate is effective against bacteria, yeasts, and molds and is often used in acidic foods such as fruit juices, soft drinks, and pickles. Its safety and efficacy have been extensively studied, and it is approved for use as a food additive by regulatory authorities worldwide.
Q4. Which chemical compound is commonly used as an active ingredient in sunscreen products to protect the skin from harmful UV radiation?
a) Titanium dioxide
b) Zinc oxide
c) Octinoxate
d) Avobenzone
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Correct Answer: d) Avobenzone
Explanation: Avobenzone is a chemical compound commonly used as an active ingredient in sunscreen products to protect the skin from harmful UV radiation, particularly UVA rays. It functions by absorbing UV radiation and converting it into less harmful forms of energy, thereby preventing damage to the skin. Avobenzone is widely utilized in combination with other UV filters to provide broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays. While titanium dioxide (a) and zinc oxide (b) are also commonly used in sunscreens as physical blockers of UV radiation, avobenzone is a chemical filter that offers advantages such as transparency and cosmetically elegant formulations.
Q5. Which chemical compound is commonly used as an analgesic and antipyretic to relieve pain and reduce fever?
a) Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin)
b) Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
c) Ibuprofen
d) Naproxen
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Correct Answer: b) Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
Explanation: Acetaminophen (C8H9NO2) is a chemical compound commonly used as an analgesic (pain reliever) and antipyretic (fever reducer) to alleviate pain and reduce fever. It works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are chemicals in the body that contribute to pain and fever.
Q6. Which chemical compound is commonly used in the manufacture of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles and containers?
a) Ethylene glycol
b) Terephthalic acid
c) Phthalic anhydride
d) Diethylene glycol
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Correct Answer: a) Ethylene glycol
Explanation: Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is commonly used in the manufacture of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles and containers.
Q7. Which chemical compound is commonly used in the production of ammonia (NH3) through the Haber-Bosch process?
a) Nitric acid
b) Ammonium nitrate
c) Hydrogen peroxide
d) Nitrogen gas
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Correct Answer: d) Nitrogen gas
Explanation: Nitrogen gas (N2) is commonly used in the production of ammonia (NH3) through the Haber-Bosch process, a crucial industrial process for synthesizing ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen and hydrogen gases.
Q8. Which chemical compound is commonly used as a desiccant to absorb moisture and maintain dry conditions in sealed environments?
a) Sodium chloride
b) Silica gel
c) Calcium chloride
d) Potassium hydroxide
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Correct Answer: b) Silica gel
Explanation: Silica gel is a porous form of silicon dioxide (SiO2) commonly used as a desiccant to absorb moisture and maintain dry conditions in sealed environments. It possesses a high surface area and a network of interconnected pores that can adsorb and hold water molecules.
Q9. Which chemical compound is commonly used in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a versatile plastic widely used in construction, healthcare, and consumer goods?
a) Ethylene
b) Propylene
c) Vinyl chloride
d) Styrene
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Correct Answer: c) Vinyl chloride
Explanation: Vinyl chloride (C2H3Cl) is commonly used in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a versatile plastic known for its durability, chemical resistance, and versatility.
Q10. Which chemical compound is commonly used in the production of sulfuric acid, one of the most widely used industrial chemicals?
a) Sulfur dioxide
b) Sulfur trioxide
c) Hydrogen sulfide
d) Sulfur hexafluoride
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Correct Answer: b) Sulfur trioxide
Explanation: Sulfur trioxide (SO3) is commonly used in the production of sulfuric acid (H2SO4), one of the most widely used industrial chemicals worldwide. In the contact process, sulfur trioxide is produced by the catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the presence of oxygen and a vanadium pentoxide catalyst.