Q1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Monera?
a) Lack of a true nucleus
b) Presence of cell wall
c) Unicellular organization
d) Presence of membrane-bound organelles
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Correct Answer: d) Presence of membrane-bound organelles
Explanation: Monera lack membrane-bound organelles, which are characteristic of eukaryotic cells. They possess a prokaryotic cell structure, with no distinct nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
Q2. What is the primary mode of reproduction in Monera?
a) Binary fission
b) Budding
c) Sexual reproduction
d) Fragmentation
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Correct Answer: a) Binary fission
Explanation: Binary fission is the most common mode of reproduction in Monera, where a single organism divides into two identical daughter cells.
Q3. Which of the following is a domain that includes Monera?
a) Archaea
b) Eukarya
c) Protista
d) Fungi
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Correct Answer: a) Archaea
Explanation: Monera was traditionally divided into two domains: Bacteria and Archaea. Archaea encompasses organisms that are similar to bacteria but are genetically and biochemically distinct.
Q4. What is the cell wall composition of most Monera?
a) Cellulose
b) Chitin
c) Peptidoglycan
d) Glycogen
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Correct Answer: c) Peptidoglycan
Explanation: The cell walls of most Monera, such as bacteria, are composed of peptidoglycan, a unique polysaccharide-protein complex.
Q5. Which of the following is a subclass of Monera?
a) Eubacteria
b) Protista
c) Fungi
d) Plantae
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Correct Answer: a) Eubacteria
Explanation: Monera is divided into two main groups: Eubacteria (true bacteria) and Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria), based on genetic and biochemical differences.
Q6. Which kingdom includes organisms previously classified under Monera?
a) Plantae
b) Animalia
c) Protista
d) Monera
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Correct Answer: d) Monera
Explanation: Monera was once considered a kingdom but has since been reclassified into separate domains, namely Bacteria and Archaea.
Q7. Which of the following is not a type of Monera?
a) Cyanobacteria
b) Archaea
c) Protozoa
d) Eubacteria
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Correct Answer: c) Protozoa
Explanation: Protozoa belong to the kingdom Protista, not Monera. Monera consists of bacteria and archaea.
Q8. The process of conjugation is observed in which group of Monera?
a) Cyanobacteria
b) Archaea
c) Eubacteria
d) Mycoplasma
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Correct Answer: c) Eubacteria
Explanation: Conjugation, a method of genetic exchange, is commonly observed in certain groups of Eubacteria, facilitating the transfer of genetic material between cells.
Q9. What is the primary energy source for most Monera?
a) Sunlight
b) Organic matter
c) Inorganic matter
d) Heat
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Correct Answer: b) Organic matter
Explanation: Most Monera obtain energy through the breakdown of organic matter, although some may utilize sunlight or inorganic compounds.
Q10. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Archaea?
a) Presence of peptidoglycan in cell walls
b) Lack of a cell wall
c) Presence of histones associated with DNA
d) Presence of a true nucleus
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Correct Answer: c) Presence of histones associated with DNA
Explanation: Archaea possess histones, similar to eukaryotes, which help in DNA packaging and organization, unlike bacteria which lack histones.
Q11. Which structure allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms?
a) Pili
b) Flagella
c) Capsule
d) Cell wall
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Correct Answer: c) Capsule
Explanation: The capsule, a protective layer outside the cell wall, enables bacteria to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms, aiding in protection and survival.
Q12. Which Moneran group is known for its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen?
a) Cyanobacteria
b) Spirochetes
c) Halophiles
d) Thermophiles
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Correct Answer: a) Cyanobacteria
Explanation: Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, possess the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, converting it into biologically useful forms.
Q13. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Archaea?
a) Presence of introns
b) Ability to live in extreme environments
c) Lack of peptidoglycan in cell walls
d) Presence of ether-linked lipids in cell membranes
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Correct Answer: a) Presence of introns
Explanation: Archaea lack introns, which are present in eukaryotic organisms. They are known for their ability to thrive in extreme environments.
Q14. Which subclass of Eubacteria includes pathogens such as Escherichia coli?
a) Spirochaetes
b) Proteobacteria
c) Firmicutes
d) Actinobacteria
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Correct Answer: b) Proteobacteria
Explanation: Proteobacteria is a diverse group of Eubacteria, including many pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella.
Q15. Which Moneran group is known for its helical shape and corkscrew-like motility?
a) Cyanobacteria
b) Spirochetes
c) Archaea
d) Actinobacteria
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Correct Answer: b) Spirochetes
Explanation: Spirochetes are characterized by their helical shape and corkscrew-like motility, facilitated by axial filaments.
Q16. Which subclass of Eubacteria includes organisms capable of forming endospores?
a) Proteobacteria
b) Actinobacteria
c) Firmicutes
d) Spirochaetes
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Correct Answer: c) Firmicutes
Explanation: Firmicutes is a subclass of Eubacteria known for its ability to form endospores, which are resistant structures aiding in survival under harsh conditions.
Q17. Which of the following is not a type of Archaea?
a) Methanogens
b) Halophiles
c) Thermophiles
d) Cyanobacteria
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Correct Answer: d) Cyanobacteria
Explanation: Cyanobacteria are a type of bacteria, not Archaea. Archaea encompass extremophiles such as methanogens, halophiles, and thermophiles.
Q18. Which Moneran group is characterized by its ability to survive in highly saline environments?
a) Methanogens
b) Halophiles
c) Thermophiles
d) Acidophiles
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Correct Answer: b) Halophiles
Explanation: Halophiles are a group of Archaea capable of surviving in highly saline environments, such as salt lakes and salt pans.
Q19. Which Moneran group is responsible for the production of methane gas in anaerobic environments?
a) Halophiles
b) Thermophiles
c) Methanogens
d) Acidophiles
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Correct Answer: c) Methanogens
Explanation: Methanogens are a group of Archaea responsible for the production of methane gas in anaerobic environments, such as marshes and digestive tracts of animals.
Q20. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Eubacteria?
a) Presence of peptidoglycan in cell walls
b) Lack of a true nucleus
c) Presence of membrane-bound organelles
d) Unicellular organization
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Correct Answer: c) Presence of membrane-bound organelles
Explanation: Eubacteria lack membrane-bound organelles, which are characteristic of eukaryotic cells.
Q21. Which Moneran group is known for its ability to survive in high-temperature environments?
a) Acidophiles
b) Thermophiles
c) Halophiles
d) Psychrophiles
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Correct Answer: b) Thermophiles
Explanation: Thermophiles are a group of Archaea capable of surviving in high-temperature environments, such as hydrothermal vents and hot springs.
Q22. Which subclass of Eubacteria includes filamentous bacteria commonly found in soil?
a) Proteobacteria
b) Actinobacteria
c) Firmicutes
d) Cyanobacteria
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Correct Answer: b) Actinobacteria
Explanation: Actinobacteria is a subclass of Eubacteria known for its filamentous growth and includes bacteria commonly found in soil, such as Streptomyces.
Q23. Which Moneran group is known for its ability to thrive in acidic environments?
a) Acidophiles
b) Thermophiles
c) Halophiles
d) Methanogens
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Correct Answer: a) Acidophiles
Explanation: Acidophiles are a group of bacteria and Archaea capable of thriving in acidic environments, such as acidic soils and acidic mine drainage.
Q24. Which of the following is a characteristic of both Archaea and Eukarya but not found in Eubacteria?
a) Presence of introns
b) Presence of peptidoglycan in cell walls
c) Lack of histones associated with DNA
d) Ability to form endospores
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Correct Answer: a) Presence of introns
Explanation: Both Archaea and Eukarya possess introns, while Eubacteria lack introns in their genetic material.
Q25. Which Moneran group is known for its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in root nodules of leguminous plants?
a) Cyanobacteria
b) Spirochetes
c) Proteobacteria
d) Actinobacteria
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Correct Answer: c) Proteobacteria
Explanation: Proteobacteria form symbiotic relationships with leguminous plants, residing in root nodules and fixing atmospheric nitrogen.
Q26. Which subclass of Eubacteria includes organisms with a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls?
a) Proteobacteria
b) Firmicutes
c) Actinobacteria
d) Spirochaetes
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Correct Answer: b) Firmicutes
Explanation: Firmicutes is a subclass of Eubacteria characterized by a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls, providing structural support and protection.
Q27. Which Moneran group is known for its ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia?
a) Cyanobacteria
b) Thermophiles
c) Halophiles
d) Acidophiles
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Correct Answer: a) Cyanobacteria
Explanation: Cyanobacteria possess nitrogen-fixing abilities, converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which is utilized by plants and other organisms.
Q28. Which subclass of Eubacteria includes Gram-negative bacteria with diverse metabolic capabilities?
a) Proteobacteria
b) Firmicutes
c) Actinobacteria
d) Cyanobacteria
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Correct Answer: a) Proteobacteria
Explanation: Proteobacteria is a diverse subclass of Gram-negative Eubacteria with various metabolic capabilities, including nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis.
Q29. Which Moneran group is known for its ability to oxidize sulfur compounds and produce sulfuric acid?
a) Thermophiles
b) Acidophiles
c) Halophiles
d) Methanogens
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Correct Answer: b) Acidophiles
Explanation: Acidophiles are capable of oxidizing sulfur compounds, leading to the production of sulfuric acid, and thrive in acidic environments.
Q30. Which subclass of Eubacteria includes bacteria capable of forming branching filaments resembling fungi?
a) Proteobacteria
b) Firmicutes
c) Actinobacteria
d) Spirochaetes
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Correct Answer: c) Actinobacteria
Explanation: Actinobacteria form branching filaments resembling fungi and are commonly found in soil, contributing to decomposition and nutrient cycling.