MCQs on The Gandhian Era – Modern Indian History
Q1. Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in which year?
a) 1905
b) 1910
c) 1915
d) 1920
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Correct Answer: c) 1915
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in 1915 and joined the Indian National Congress, marking the beginning of his active involvement in the Indian freedom struggle.
Q2. Which of the following movements was the first major nonviolent campaign led by Mahatma Gandhi in India?
a) Non-Cooperation Movement
b) Civil Disobedience Movement
c) Champaran Satyagraha
d) Quit India Movement
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Correct Answer: c) Champaran Satyagraha
Explanation: The Champaran Satyagraha, which took place in 1917, was the first major nonviolent campaign led by Mahatma Gandhi in India. It aimed to address the grievances of indigo farmers in the Champaran district of Bihar.
Q3. The Khilafat Movement, which sought to protect the Ottoman Caliphate, was supported by Mahatma Gandhi to:
a) Promote Hindu-Muslim unity
b) Oppose British imperialism
c) Support the Non-Cooperation Movement
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi supported the Khilafat Movement to promote Hindu-Muslim unity, oppose British imperialism, and strengthen the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Q4. The Non-Cooperation Movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920, aimed to:
a) Boycott British goods and institutions
b) Achieve Swaraj (self-rule)
c) Promote Swadeshi (indigenous) products
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: The Non-Cooperation Movement aimed to boycott British goods and institutions, achieve Swaraj (self-rule), and promote Swadeshi (indigenous) products.
Q5. The Dandi March, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, took place in which year?
a) 1928
b) 1930
c) 1932
d) 1934
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Correct Answer: b) 1930
Explanation: The Dandi March, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, took place in 1930. It was a 240-mile march led by Mahatma Gandhi to protest the British monopoly on salt production and taxation.
Q6. The Civil Disobedience Movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930, aimed to:
a) Break the salt laws
b) Achieve Swaraj (self-rule)
c) Boycott British goods and institutions
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: The Civil Disobedience Movement aimed to break the salt laws, achieve Swaraj (self-rule), and boycott British goods and institutions.
Q7. The Quit India Movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942, demanded:
a) Immediate independence for India
b) Constitutional reforms
c) The end of British imperialism
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: a) Immediate independence for India
Explanation: The Quit India Movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942, demanded immediate independence for India from British rule.
Q8. The Indian National Congress adopted the resolution of “Purna Swaraj” (complete independence) during which session?
a) Calcutta Session, 1928
b) Lahore Session, 1929
c) Karachi Session, 1931
d) Bombay Session, 1934
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Correct Answer: b) Lahore Session, 1929
Explanation: The Indian National Congress adopted the resolution of “Purna Swaraj” (complete independence) during the Lahore Session in 1929.
Q9. Who among the following was a prominent leader of the Gandhian Era and the first woman president of the Indian National Congress?
a) Sarojini Naidu
b) Annie Besant
c) Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
d) Sucheta Kriplani
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Correct Answer: b) Annie Besant
Explanation: Annie Besant, a British socialist and women’s rights activist, was a prominent leader of the Gandhian Era and the first woman president of the Indian National Congress.
Q10. The Poona Pact, signed in 1932, was an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and which leader?
a) B.R. Ambedkar
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
d) Subhas Chandra Bose
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Correct Answer: a) B.R. Ambedkar
Explanation: The Poona Pact was an agreement signed in 1932 between Mahatma Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar, which aimed to address the issue of separate electorates for the depressed classes.
Q11. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact, signed in 1931, led to the suspension of which movement?
a) Non-Cooperation Movement
b) Civil Disobedience Movement
c) Khilafat Movement
d) Quit India Movement
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Correct Answer: b) Civil Disobedience Movement
Explanation: The Gandhi-Irwin Pact, signed in 1931, led to the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement. In return, the British government agreed to release political prisoners and allow Indians to produce salt for domestic consumption.
Q12. The Round Table Conferences, held in London between 1930 and 1932, aimed to discuss the future of which country?
a) India
b) Pakistan
c) Bangladesh
d) Sri Lanka
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Correct Answer: a) India
Explanation: The Round Table Conferences, held in London between 1930 and 1932, aimed to discuss the future of India and the possibility of granting it dominion status.
Q13. Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolence and truth is known as:
a) Swaraj
b) Swadeshi
c) Satyagraha
d) Ahimsa
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Correct Answer: c) Satyagraha
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolence and truth is known as Satyagraha, which means “holding onto truth” or “truth force.”
Q14. The Indian National Congress suspended the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922 due to which incident?
a) Jallianwala Bagh massacre
b) Chauri Chaura incident
c) Kakori conspiracy
d) Moplah rebellion
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Correct Answer: b) Chauri Chaura incident[
Explanation: The Indian National Congress suspended the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922 due to the Chauri Chaura incident. The incident took place on February 4, 1922, when a violent clash between police and protesters led to the burning of a police station, resulting in the deaths of 22 policemen. This incident led Mahatma Gandhi to call off the Non-Cooperation Movement, as he believed that the movement had lost its nonviolent nature.
Q15. The Cripps Mission, which visited India in 1942, aimed to:
a) Negotiate Indian support for the British war effort during World War II
b) Discuss the future of India after the war
c) Address the issue of separate electorates for Muslims
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: a) Negotiate Indian support for the British war effort during World War II
Explanation: The Cripps Mission, led by Sir Stafford Cripps, visited India in 1942 to negotiate with Indian leaders and secure their support for the British war effort during World War II.
Q16. The Quit India Movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942, was a response to which event?
a) The failure of the Cripps Mission
b) The outbreak of World War II
c) The arrest of Indian National Congress leaders
d) The announcement of the August Offer
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Correct Answer: a) The failure of the Cripps Mission
Explanation: The Quit India Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942 in response to the failure of the Cripps Mission, which was unable to secure Indian support for the British war effort during World War II.
Q17. The Indian National Congress adopted the resolution of “Quit India” during which session?
a) Bombay Session, 1942
b) Calcutta Session, 1940
c) Lahore Session, 1939
d) Karachi Session, 1931
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Correct Answer: a) Bombay Session, 1942
Explanation: The Indian National Congress adopted the resolution of “Quit India” during the Bombay Session in 1942, calling for immediate independence for India from British rule.
Q18. Mahatma Gandhi’s famous quote “An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind” reflects his belief in which principle?
a) Nonviolence
b) Truth
c) Self-reliance
d) Equality
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Correct Answer: a) Nonviolence
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi’s famous quote “An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind” reflects his belief in the principle of nonviolence, which was a cornerstone of his philosophy and the Indian freedom struggle.
Q19. The Indian National Congress launched the Individual Satyagraha in 1940 to:
a) Protest against the British war effort during World War II
b) Demand immediate independence for India
c) Support the British war effort during World War II
d) Oppose the partition of India
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Correct Answer: a) Protest against the British war effort during World War II
Explanation: The Individual Satyagraha was launched by the Indian National Congress in 1940 to protest against the British war effort during World War II and to demand independence for India.
Q20. Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated in which year?
a) 1945
b) 1947
c) 1948
d) 1950
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Correct Answer: c) 1948
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948, by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist who opposed Gandhi’s support for Hindu-Muslim unity and his efforts to promote peace between the two communities.