MCQs on Freedom Struggle – Modern Indian History
Q1. Who was the first Indian to get elected to the British House of Commons?
a) Dadabhai Naoroji
b) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
d) Bipin Chandra Pal
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Correct Answer: a) Dadabhai Naoroji
Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji was the first Indian to get elected to the British House of Commons in 1892, representing the Liberal Party from the Finsbury Central constituency.
Q2. Who founded the Indian National Congress in 1885?
a) A.O. Hume
b) Dadabhai Naoroji
c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
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Correct Answer: a) A.O. Hume
Explanation: A.O. Hume, a retired British civil servant, founded the Indian National Congress in 1885 to provide a platform for Indian political leaders to discuss and address national issues.
Q3. Which of the following acts introduced the system of separate electorates for Muslims in India?
a) Indian Councils Act, 1892
b) Indian Councils Act, 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms)
c) Government of India Act, 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms)
d) Government of India Act, 1935
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Correct Answer: b) Indian Councils Act, 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms)
Explanation: The Indian Councils Act, 1909, also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, introduced the system of separate electorates for Muslims in India, allowing them to elect their representatives separately from the general electorate.
Q4. Who was the first Indian woman to become the president of the Indian National Congress?
a) Sarojini Naidu
b) Annie Besant
c) Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
d) Sucheta Kriplani
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Correct Answer: b) Annie Besant
Explanation: Annie Besant, a British socialist and women’s rights activist, became the first Indian woman to serve as the president of the Indian National Congress in 1917.
Q5. Which of the following movements was led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1917?
a) Non-Cooperation Movement
b) Civil Disobedience Movement
c) Champaran Satyagraha
d) Quit India Movement
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Correct Answer: c) Champaran Satyagraha
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi led the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917 to address the grievances of indigo farmers in the Champaran district of Bihar, who were forced to cultivate indigo under exploitative conditions.
Q6. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in which year?
a) 1919
b) 1920
c) 1921
d) 1922
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Correct Answer: a) 1919
Explanation: The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on April 13, 1919, when British troops led by General Dyer fired upon a peaceful gathering of Indians in Amritsar, Punjab, killing hundreds of people.
Q7. Who was the Viceroy of India during the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
a) Lord Curzon
b) Lord Chelmsford
c) Lord Irwin
d) Lord Linlithgow
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Correct Answer: b) Lord Chelmsford
Explanation: Lord Chelmsford was the Viceroy of India during the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, serving from 1916 to 1921.
Q8. Which of the following movements was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in response to the Rowlatt Act?
a) Non-Cooperation Movement
b) Civil Disobedience Movement
c) Khilafat Movement
d) Rowlatt Satyagraha
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Correct Answer: d) Rowlatt Satyagraha
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi launched the Rowlatt Satyagraha in 1919 in response to the Rowlatt Act, which allowed the British government to arrest and detain Indians without trial for suspected revolutionary activities.
Q9. The Dandi March was a part of which movement?
a) Non-Cooperation Movement
b) Civil Disobedience Movement
c) Khilafat Movement
d) Quit India Movement
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Correct Answer: b) Civil Disobedience Movement
Explanation: The Dandi March was a part of the Civil Disobedience Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930. It was a 240-mile march from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi to protest the British monopoly on salt production and taxation.
Q10. Who was the leader of the Gadar Party?
a) Lala Har Dayal
b) Rash Behari Bose
c) Bhagat Singh
d) Udham Singh
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Correct Answer: a) Lala Har Dayal
Explanation: Lala Har Dayal was the leader of the Gadar Party, an organization founded in 1913 by Indian immigrants in the United States and Canada to fight for India’s independence from British rule.
Q11. Which of the following is not a literary work of Mahatma Gandhi?
a) Hind Swaraj
b) My Experiments with Truth
c) The Discovery of India
d) The Story of My Experiments with Truth
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Correct Answer: c) The Discovery of India
Explanation: “The Discovery of India” is a literary work by Jawaharlal Nehru, not Mahatma Gandhi. It was written during Nehru’s imprisonment in 1942-1946 and provides a detailed account of India’s history and culture.
Q12. Who was the first Indian to be appointed as a member of the Viceroy’s Executive Council?
a) Satyendra Prasanna Sinha
b) Dadabhai Naoroji
c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
d) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
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Correct Answer: a) Satyendra Prasanna Sinha
Explanation: Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, a prominent lawyer and politician, was the first Indian to be appointed as a member of the Viceroy’s Executive Council in 1909.
Q13. The Chauri Chaura incident took place in which year?
a) 1920
b) 1921
c) 1922
d) 1923
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Correct Answer: c) 1922
Explanation: The Chauri Chaura incident took place on February 4, 1922, when a violent clash between police and protesters led to the burning of a police station, resulting in the deaths of 22 policemen. This incident led Mahatma Gandhi to call off the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Q14. Who was the founder of the Forward Bloc?
a) Subhas Chandra Bose
b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
d) Rajendra Prasad
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Correct Answer: a) Subhas Chandra Bose
Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose founded the Forward Bloc in 1939 as a political group within the Indian National Congress to consolidate anti-British forces and work towards complete independence.
Q15. The Cripps Mission visited India in which year?
a) 1940
b) 1941
c) 1942
d) 1943
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Correct Answer: c) 1942
Explanation: The Cripps Mission, led by Sir Stafford Cripps, visited India in 1942 to negotiate with Indian leaders and secure their support for the British war effort during World War II. The mission failed as its proposals were rejected by both the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League.
Q16. Who was the first Muslim president of the Indian National Congress?
a) Abul Kalam Azad
b) Rafi Ahmed Kidwai
c) Badruddin Tyabji
d) Maulana Shaukat Ali
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Correct Answer: c) Badruddin Tyabji
Explanation: Badruddin Tyabji was the first Muslim president of the Indian National Congress, serving in 1887.
Q17. The Indian Independence Act was passed by the British Parliament in which year?
a) 1946
b) 1947
c) 1948
d) 1949
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Correct Answer: b) 1947
Explanation: The Indian Independence Act was passed by the British Parliament on July 18, 1947, providing for the partition of India and the creation of the independent dominions of India and Pakistan.
Q18. Who was the last Viceroy of British India?
a) Lord Wavell
b) Lord Mountbatten
c) Lord Linlithgow
d) Lord Canning
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Correct Answer: b) Lord Mountbatten
Explanation: Lord Mountbatten was the last Viceroy of British India, serving from March 1947 until India gained independence in August 1947. He then became the first Governor-General of independent India.
Q19. The partition of Bengal in 1905 was annulled by which British Viceroy?
a) Lord Curzon
b) Lord Minto
c) Lord Hardinge
d) Lord Chelmsford
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Correct Answer: c) Lord Hardinge
Explanation: Lord Hardinge annulled the partition of Bengal in 1911, reversing the decision made by Lord Curzon in 1905. The annulment was a response to widespread protests and agitation against the partition.
Q20. Who was the first Governor-General of independent India?
a) Lord Mountbatten
b) C. Rajagopalachari
c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
d) Jawaharlal Nehru
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Correct Answer: a) Lord Mountbatten
Explanation: Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of British India, continued to serve as the first Governor-General of independent India until June 1948, when he was succeeded by C. Rajagopalachari.