MCQ on National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) – Indian Polity
Q1. When was the National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC) established?
a) 1990
b) 1991
c) 1992
d) 1993
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Correct Answer: d) 1993
Explanation: The National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC) was established on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Ordinance of 28 September 1993.
Q2. Which act provides the statutory basis for the NHRC?
a) Human Rights Protection Act, 1992
b) Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993
c) Human Rights Act, 1994
d) Indian Constitution Act, 1950
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Correct Answer: b) Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993
Explanation: The NHRC was given a statutory basis by the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (PHRA).
Q3. What are the human rights defined by the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993?
a) Rights relating to life, liberty, equality, and dignity
b) Rights relating to freedom of speech, religion, and assembly
c) Rights relating to education, health, and social security
d) Rights relating to work, leisure, and cultural participation
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Correct Answer: a) Rights relating to life, liberty, equality, and dignity
Explanation: The act defines human rights as “Rights Relating To Life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the constitution or embodied in the international covenants and enforceable by courts in India”.
Q4. How many full-time members does the NHRC consist of?
a) 3
b) 5
c) 7
d) 9
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Correct Answer: b) 5
Explanation: The Commission consists of a Chairperson, five full-time Members, and seven deemed Members.
Q5. What is the tenure of the chairman of NHRC?
a) 3 years
b) 5 years or 70 years of age, whichever is earlier
c) 6 years or 65 years of age, whichever is earlier
d) 4 years
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Correct Answer: b) 5 years or 70 years of age, whichever is earlier
Explanation: The Chairman and the members of the NHRC are appointed for 5 years or till the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier.
Q6. Which part of the Indian Constitution provides for the Fundamental Rights of the citizens?
a) Part I
b) Part II
c) Part III
d) Part IV
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Correct Answer: c) Part III
Explanation: Part III of the Constitution provides for the Fundamental Rights of the citizens.
Q7. Can the NHRC investigate an event if the complaint was made more than one year after the incident?
a) Yes
b) No
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Correct Answer: b) No
Explanation: The NHRC cannot investigate an event if the complaint was made more than one year after the incident.
Q8. Does the NHRC have the power to penalize authorities that do not implement its orders?
a) Yes
b) No
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Correct Answer: b) No
Explanation: The NHRC cannot penalize authorities that do not implement its orders.
Q9. Which article of the Indian Constitution prohibits the state from violating fundamental rights?
a) Article 12
b) Article 13(2)
c) Article 14
d) Article 15
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Correct Answer: b) Article 13(2)
Explanation: Article 13(2) of the Constitution prohibits the state from violating fundamental rights.
Q10. Can the NHRC grant interim relief?
a) Yes
b) No
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Correct Answer: a) Yes
Explanation: The NHRC has the powers of a civil court and can grant interim relief.
Q11. What is the primary function of the NHRC?
a) Addressing complaints
b) Conducting research
c) Promoting human rights
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: The primary functions of the NHRC include addressing complaints, conducting research in the field of human rights, and promoting human rights.
Q12. Can the NHRC undertake a review of various rights and safeguards provided by the Indian Constitution?
a) Yes
b) No
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Correct Answer: a) Yes
Explanation: The NHRC can undertake a review of various rights and safeguards provided by the Indian Constitution and suggest measures for effective implementation of these safeguards.
Q13. Can the NHRC encourage the efforts of NGOs and institutions working in the field of human rights?
a) Yes
b) No
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Correct Answer: a) Yes
Explanation: The NHRC is mandated to encourage the efforts of NGOs and institutions that work in the field of human rights voluntarily.
Q14. Does the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 extend to Jammu and Kashmir?
a) Yes
b) No
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Correct Answer: b) No
Explanation: The Act does not extend to Jammu and Kashmir.
Q15. Who was the first chairman of the NHRC?
a) Justice Shri Ranganath Misra
b) Justice Shri A.S. Anand
c) Justice Shri K.G. Balakrishnan
d) Justice Shri H.L. Dattu
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Correct Answer: a) Justice Shri Ranganath Misra
Explanation: Justice Shri Ranganath Misra was the first chairman of the NHRC.
Q16. Which international body encourages member states to establish National Human Rights Institutions?
a) United Nations General Assembly
b) United Nations Human Rights Council
c) International Court of Justice
d) International Criminal Court
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Correct Answer: a) United Nations General Assembly
Explanation: The United Nations General Assembly Resolution No. 48/134 of 20 December 1993 encourages all member states to establish independent National Human Rights Institutions.
Q17. Can the NHRC recommend payment of compensation or damages?
a) Yes
b) No
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Correct Answer: a) Yes
Explanation: The NHRC has the authority to recommend payment of compensation or damages.
Q18. Can the NHRC advise both the central and state governments on how to prevent violations of human rights?
a) Yes
b) No
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Correct Answer: a) Yes
Explanation: The NHRC has the authority to advise both the central and state governments on how to prevent violations of human rights.
Q19. Can the NHRC investigate complaints of violation of human rights by a public servant?
a) Yes
b) No
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Correct Answer: a) Yes
Explanation: The NHRC has the power to inquire into complaints of violation of human rights or negligence in the prevention of such violation by a public servant.
Q20. Can the NHRC study treaties and international instruments on human rights and make recommendations for their effective implementation?
a) Yes
b) No
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Correct Answer: a) Yes
Explanation: The NHRC can study treaties and international instruments on human rights and make recommendations for their effective implementation.