MCQs on Environmental Degradation and Conservation – Indian Geography
Q1. Which of the following is the main cause of air pollution in India?
a) Industrial emissions
b) Vehicular emissions
c) Agricultural activities
d) Construction activities
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Correct Answer: b) Vehicular emissions
Explanation: Vehicular emissions are the primary cause of air pollution in India, contributing to poor air quality in urban areas.
Q2. Which of the following is the primary cause of water pollution in India?
a) Industrial waste
b) Agricultural runoff
c) Domestic sewage
d) Solid waste dumping
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Correct Answer: c) Domestic sewage
Explanation: Domestic sewage is the primary cause of water pollution in India, as it contaminates rivers and other water bodies.
Q3. Which of the following is a major cause of deforestation in India?
a) Urbanization
b) Agricultural expansion
c) Mining activities
d) Infrastructure development
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Correct Answer: b) Agricultural expansion
Explanation: Agricultural expansion is a major cause of deforestation in India, as forests are cleared for farming and other agricultural activities.
Q4. Which of the following is a significant contributor to soil pollution in India?
a) Industrial waste
b) Pesticides and fertilizers
c) Solid waste dumping
d) Construction activities
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Correct Answer: b) Pesticides and fertilizers
Explanation: Pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture are significant contributors to soil pollution in India.
Q5. Which of the following is a major cause of land degradation in India?
a) Soil erosion
b) Deforestation
c) Overgrazing
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Soil erosion, deforestation, and overgrazing are all major causes of land degradation in India.
Q6. Which of the following is a significant cause of noise pollution in India?
a) Industrial activities
b) Vehicular traffic
c) Construction activities
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Industrial activities, vehicular traffic, and construction activities are all significant causes of noise pollution in India.
Q7. Which of the following is an example of a non-point source of water pollution?
a) Industrial discharge
b) Sewage treatment plant
c) Agricultural runoff
d) Landfill site
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Correct Answer: c) Agricultural runoff
Explanation: Agricultural runoff is an example of a non-point source of water pollution, as it is diffuse and not easily traceable to a specific location.
Q8. Which of the following is a major cause of biodiversity loss in India?
a) Habitat destruction
b) Over-exploitation of resources
c) Invasive species
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Habitat destruction, over-exploitation of resources, and invasive species are all major causes of biodiversity loss in India.
Q9. Which of the following is a significant cause of desertification in India?
a) Deforestation
b) Overgrazing
c) Soil erosion
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Deforestation, overgrazing, and soil erosion are all significant causes of desertification in India.
Q10. Which of the following is an example of an in-situ conservation method in India?
a) National parks
b) Wildlife sanctuaries
c) Biosphere reserves
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: National parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves are all examples of in-situ conservation methods in India.
Q11. Which of the following is an example of an ex-situ conservation method in India?
a) Botanical gardens
b) Zoological parks
c) Gene banks
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Botanical gardens, zoological parks, and gene banks are all examples of ex-situ conservation methods in India.
Q12. Which of the following is a major cause of ozone layer depletion?
a) Carbon dioxide emissions
b) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
c) Methane emissions
d) Nitrous oxide emissions
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Correct Answer: b) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Explanation: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are a major cause of ozone layer depletion, as they break down ozone molecules in the stratosphere.
Q13. Which of the following is a significant cause of global warming?
a) Carbon dioxide emissions
b) Methane emissions
c) Nitrous oxide emissions
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Carbon dioxide emissions, methane emissions, and nitrous oxide emissions are all significant causes of global warming.
Q14. Which of the following is a major cause of eutrophication in water bodies?
a) Industrial waste
b) Agricultural runoff
c) Domestic sewage
d) Solid waste dumping
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Correct Answer: b) Agricultural runoff
Explanation: Agricultural runoff, particularly from the use of fertilizers, is a major cause of eutrophication in water bodies.
Q15. Which of the following is a significant cause of acid rain?
a) Carbon dioxide emissions
b) Sulfur dioxide emissions
c) Nitrogen oxide emissions
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide emissions are all significant causes of acid rain.
Q16. Which of the following is a major cause of marine pollution in India?
a) Industrial waste
b) Agricultural runoff
c) Domestic sewage
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and domestic sewage are all major causes of marine pollution in India.
Q17. Which of the following is a significant cause of groundwater pollution in India?
a) Industrial waste
b) Agricultural runoff
c) Domestic sewage
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and domestic sewage are all significant causes of groundwater pollution in India.
Q18. Which of the following is a major cause of soil salinization in India?
a) Deforestation
b) Overgrazing
c) Irrigation practices
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: c) Irrigation practices
Explanation: Irrigation practices, particularly the use of saline water for irrigation, are a major cause of soil salinization in India.
Q19. Which of the following is a significant cause of soil erosion in India?
a) Deforestation
b) Overgrazing
c) Agricultural practices
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Deforestation, overgrazing, and agricultural practices are all significant causes of soil erosion in India.
Q20. Which of the following is a major cause of wetland degradation in India?
a) Urbanization
b) Agricultural expansion
c) Pollution
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Wetland degradation in India is caused by a combination of factors, including urbanization, agricultural expansion, and pollution. These factors have led to the loss of nearly one-third of India’s natural wetlands over the past four decades.