Q1. Which of the following organic compounds is commonly known as the building block of life?
a) Glucose
b) Ethanol
c) Methane
d) Benzene
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Correct Answer: a) Glucose
Explanation: Glucose is a simple sugar and one of the most important organic compounds in biological systems. It serves as a primary source of energy for living organisms and plays a fundamental role in cellular respiration. Glucose molecules are produced through photosynthesis in plants and are essential for the growth, development, and metabolic functions of all organisms. In addition to its role as a fuel molecule, glucose is a key component of carbohydrates, which are essential macronutrients in the human diet. It serves as a precursor for the synthesis of other important biomolecules, including starch, cellulose, and amino acids.
Q2. Which organic compound is commonly used as a solvent, disinfectant, and antiseptic in various industries and applications?
a) Ethanol
b) Methanol
c) Acetone
d) Formaldehyde
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Correct Answer: c) Acetone
Explanation: Acetone (CH3COCH3) is a volatile organic compound commonly used as a solvent, disinfectant, and antiseptic in various industries and applications. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a characteristic sweet odor and is highly miscible with water and other organic solvents. Acetone is widely used as a solvent for paints, coatings, adhesives, and nail polish removers due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds. It is also used in the production of plastics, fibers, and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, acetone exhibits antiseptic properties and is used in medical and cosmetic products for skin cleansing and sterilization.
Q3. Which organic compound is the primary component of natural gas and is commonly used as a fuel and feedstock in various industrial processes?
a) Methanol
b) Ethanol
c) Propane
d) Methane
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Correct Answer: d) Methane
Explanation: Methane (CH4) is a simple hydrocarbon and the primary component of natural gas. It is a colorless, odorless gas that is highly flammable and combustible. Methane is commonly used as a fuel for heating, cooking, and electricity generation due to its high energy content and clean-burning properties. It is also used as a feedstock in the production of hydrogen, ammonia, and other organic compounds through processes such as steam reforming and synthesis gas production. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas and a major contributor to climate change when released into the atmosphere from natural sources and human activities.
Q4. Which organic compound is commonly used as an antifreeze agent in automobile radiators and as a solvent in de-icing solutions?
a) Ethanol
b) Methanol
c) Propylene glycol
d) Glycerol
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Correct Answer: c) Propylene glycol
Explanation: Propylene glycol (C3H8O2) is a colorless, odorless liquid commonly used as an antifreeze agent in automobile radiators and as a solvent in de-icing solutions. It has a lower freezing point and higher boiling point than water, making it effective for preventing the formation of ice and frost in cooling systems and on surfaces. Propylene glycol is also used as a humectant, preservative, and solvent in various consumer products such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food additives. Unlike ethylene glycol, another common antifreeze agent, propylene glycol is considered less toxic and safer for use in applications where accidental ingestion or exposure may occur.
Q5. Which organic compound is commonly used as a disinfectant, antiseptic, and preservative in healthcare and personal care products?
a) Ethanol
b) Methanol
c) Isopropanol
d) Formaldehyde
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Correct Answer: c) Isopropanol
Explanation: Isopropanol, also known as isopropyl alcohol or rubbing alcohol, is a colorless, flammable liquid commonly used as a disinfectant, antiseptic, and preservative in healthcare and personal care products. It exhibits strong antimicrobial properties and is effective against bacteria, viruses, and fungi when used at appropriate concentrations. Isopropanol is commonly used for disinfecting skin, surfaces, and medical equipment in hospitals, clinics, and households. It is also used as a solvent in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and cleaning products. Isopropanol evaporates quickly and leaves no residue, making it suitable for use in environments where rapid disinfection is desired.
Q6. Which organic compound is commonly used as a fuel additive, solvent, and antifreeze agent, as well as in the production of methyl methacrylate?
a) Ethanol
b) Methanol
c) Acetone
d) Formaldehyde
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Correct Answer: b) Methanol
Explanation: Methanol (CH3OH) is a colorless, volatile liquid commonly used as a fuel additive, solvent, antifreeze agent, and chemical intermediate in various industrial processes. It is used as an alternative fuel source in engines and fuel cells due to its high octane rating and low emissions. Methanol is also used as a solvent in the production of paints, coatings, adhesives, and varnishes. Additionally, it is a precursor for the production of methyl methacrylate, a monomer used in the manufacture of acrylic plastics and resins. Methanol is highly toxic when ingested and should be handled with care in industrial and laboratory settings.
Q7. Which organic compound is commonly used as a solvent in nail polish removers, paint thinners, and cleaning agents, as well as in the production of plastics and fibers?
a) Ethanol
b) Methanol
c) Toluene
d) Acetone
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Correct Answer: d) Acetone
Explanation: Acetone (CH3COCH3) is a colorless, volatile liquid commonly used as a solvent in nail polish removers, paint thinners, cleaning agents, and industrial processes. It has a strong solvent action and can effectively dissolve a wide range of organic compounds, making it versatile for various applications. In nail polish removers, acetone effectively breaks down and removes nail polish from nails. It is also used as a solvent in paints, coatings, and adhesives, where it helps to dissolve and disperse the active ingredients. Additionally, acetone is used in the production of plastics, fibers, and pharmaceuticals. Its low boiling point and rapid evaporation make it suitable for use in processes requiring quick drying or removal of solvents. However, acetone should be handled with care due to its flammability and potential health hazards associated with inhalation or prolonged exposure.
Q8. Which organic compound is commonly found in alcoholic beverages and is produced through the fermentation of sugars by yeast?
a) Ethanol
b) Methanol
c) Isopropanol
d) Butanol
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Correct Answer: a) Ethanol
Explanation: Ethanol (C2H5OH) is a colorless, flammable liquid that is commonly found in alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and spirits. It is produced through the fermentation of sugars by yeast in a process known as alcoholic fermentation. Ethanol is the principal psychoactive ingredient in alcoholic drinks and is responsible for their intoxicating effects when consumed. It is also used as a solvent, fuel additive, and antiseptic in various industrial and household applications. Ethanol has a long history of use as a recreational and ceremonial beverage and is regulated by laws governing its production, sale, and consumption in many countries.
Q9. Which organic compound is commonly used as a sweetening agent in foods and beverages and is produced from sugarcane or sugar beets?
a) Sucrose
b) Glucose
c) Fructose
d) Aspartame
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Correct Answer: a) Sucrose
Explanation: Sucrose (C12H22O11) is a disaccharide sugar commonly used as a sweetening agent in foods and beverages. It is composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose linked together through a glycosidic bond. Sucrose is naturally found in plants such as sugarcane, sugar beets, and fruits, where it serves as an energy source and a form of carbohydrate storage. It is extracted from plant sources and refined into granulated sugar, which is widely used in cooking, baking, and food processing. Sucrose adds sweetness and flavor to a variety of products, including desserts, candies, soft drinks, and processed foods.
Q10. Which organic compound is commonly used as a plasticizer in PVC products, as a solvent in nail polish, and as a precursor in the synthesis of polyester resins?
a) Ethanol
b) Methanol
c) Phthalates
d) Acrylamide
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Correct Answer: c) Phthalates
Explanation: Phthalates are a group of organic compounds commonly used as plasticizers, solvents, and additives in various consumer products. They are added to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics to increase flexibility, durability, and transparency. Phthalates are also used in cosmetics, personal care products, and household items such as nail polish, adhesives, and fragrances. Additionally, they serve as intermediates in the synthesis of polyester resins used in coatings, adhesives, and textile fibers. However, some phthalates have been associated with health concerns, including endocrine disruption and reproductive toxicity, leading to regulatory restrictions and consumer advocacy for phthalate-free alternatives.