Q1. Which virus causes the common cold?
a) Influenza virus
b) Rhinovirus
c) Coronavirus
d) Hepatitis virus
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Correct Answer: b) Rhinovirus
Explanation: Rhinovirus is the primary cause of the common cold. It affects the upper respiratory tract, leading to symptoms such as sneezing, runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, coughing, and mild fever. Rhinovirus spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or by touching contaminated surfaces.
Q2. What disease is caused by the Varicella-zoster virus?
a) Chickenpox
b) Measles
c) Dengue fever
d) HIV/AIDS
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Correct Answer: a) Chickenpox
Explanation: Chickenpox is caused by the Varicella-zoster virus. It primarily affects the skin, causing an itchy rash with small, fluid-filled blisters. Other symptoms may include fever, headache, and fatigue. Chickenpox is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets or direct contact with the blisters.
Q3. Which virus is responsible for causing AIDS?
a) Influenza virus
b) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
c) Herpes simplex virus
d) Epstein-Barr virus
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Correct Answer: b) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Explanation: HIV is the virus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). It primarily targets the immune system, specifically CD4 cells, leading to a weakened immune response. Symptoms of AIDS include recurrent infections, weight loss, fever, and night sweats. HIV spreads through sexual contact, contaminated blood, or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
Q4. Which virus causes infectious mononucleosis?
a) Influenza virus
b) Human papillomavirus (HPV)
c) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
d) Zika virus
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Correct Answer: c) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Explanation: Infectious mononucleosis, commonly known as mono or glandular fever, is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It affects the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen, leading to symptoms such as sore throat, fever, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue. EBV is typically spread through saliva, hence its nickname “the kissing disease.”
Q5. What virus causes dengue fever?
a) Dengue virus
b) Hepatitis B virus
c) West Nile virus
d) Zika virus
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Correct Answer: a) Dengue virus
Explanation: Dengue fever is caused by the Dengue virus, transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. Symptoms include high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, joint and muscle pain, rash, and mild bleeding. Severe cases can lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which can be life-threatening.
Q6. Which virus is responsible for causing Ebola virus disease?
a) Ebola virus
b) Marburg virus
c) Hantavirus
d) Zika virus
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Correct Answer: a) Ebola virus
Explanation: Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is caused by the Ebola virus. It affects multiple organs and systems, leading to symptoms such as fever, severe headache, muscle pain, weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, and in some cases, internal and external bleeding. EVD is transmitted through direct contact with the bodily fluids of infected individuals or animals.
Q7. What virus is associated with causing cervical cancer?
a) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
b) Human papillomavirus (HPV)
c) Hepatitis B virus
d) Herpes simplex virus
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Correct Answer: b) Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Explanation: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is strongly associated with cervical cancer. HPV infection is usually asymptomatic, but persistent infection with high-risk HPV types can lead to cervical abnormalities and, eventually, cervical cancer. HPV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact.
Q8. Which virus causes measles?
a) Rubella virus
b) Influenza virus
c) Rubeola virus
d) Human papillomavirus (HPV)
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Correct Answer: c) Rubeola virus
Explanation: Measles is caused by the Rubeola virus. It primarily affects the respiratory system, causing fever, cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes, and a characteristic rash. Measles is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets. Complications can include pneumonia, encephalitis, and death, particularly in young children.
Q9. What virus causes hepatitis A?
a) Hepatitis A virus
b) Hepatitis B virus
c) Hepatitis C virus
d) Hepatitis E virus
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Correct Answer: a) Hepatitis A virus
Explanation: Hepatitis A is caused by the Hepatitis A virus. It primarily affects the liver, leading to symptoms such as jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Hepatitis A is usually transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water or through close contact with an infected person.
Q10. Which virus is responsible for causing yellow fever?
a) Yellow fever virus
b) Dengue virus
c) Chikungunya virus
d) Zika virus
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Correct Answer: a) Yellow fever virus
Explanation: Yellow fever is caused by the Yellow fever virus, transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. Severe cases can lead to liver failure and death. Yellow fever occurs primarily in tropical areas of Africa and South America.