Q11. Which bacterial species is responsible for causing whooping cough, a highly contagious respiratory infection primarily affecting infants and young children?
a) Bordetella pertussis
b) Haemophilus influenzae
c) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
d) Streptococcus pyogenes
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Correct Answer: a) Bordetella pertussis
Explanation: Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It spreads through respiratory droplets from an infected person’s cough or sneeze. Whooping cough is characterized by severe coughing fits followed by a “whooping” sound when inhaling. Other symptoms include runny nose, sneezing, mild fever, and vomiting after coughing spells. Vaccination with the pertussis vaccine is crucial for preventing this disease.
Q12. Which bacterial infection is commonly associated with contaminated water, leading to symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle aches, and gastrointestinal symptoms?
a) Vibrio cholerae infection
b) Legionella pneumophila infection
c) Clostridium difficile infection
d) Salmonella enterica infection
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Correct Answer: b) Legionella pneumophila infection
Explanation: Legionella pneumophila is the bacterium responsible for causing Legionnaires’ disease, a severe form of pneumonia. It is commonly associated with contaminated water sources, such as hot tubs, cooling towers, and air conditioning systems. Symptoms of Legionnaires’ disease include fever, cough, muscle aches, headache, shortness of breath, and in severe cases, pneumonia. Prompt antibiotic treatment is necessary for recovery.
Q13. Which bacterial species is responsible for causing typhoid fever, a systemic infection characterized by sustained fever, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms?
a) Vibrio cholerae
b) Salmonella typhi
c) Escherichia coli
d) Shigella spp.
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Correct Answer: b) Salmonella typhi
Explanation: Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. It is transmitted through ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces from an infected person. Symptoms of typhoid fever include sustained fever, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, rose-colored spots on the chest, and weakness. Typhoid fever can be severe and life-threatening if not treated promptly with antibiotics.
Q14. Which bacterial infection is commonly associated with contaminated food, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea?
a) Vibrio cholerae infection
b) Listeria monocytogenes infection
c) Clostridium difficile infection
d) Bacillus cereus infection
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Correct Answer: d) Bacillus cereus infection
Explanation: Bacillus cereus is a bacterium commonly associated with food poisoning, particularly from contaminated rice and other starchy foods. Symptoms of Bacillus cereus infection typically include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. The illness is usually self-limiting and resolves within a few days without specific treatment. Proper food handling, storage, and cooking practices can help prevent Bacillus cereus contamination.
Q15. Which bacterial species is responsible for causing anthrax, a serious infectious disease affecting humans and animals?
a) Bacillus anthracis
b) Clostridium tetani
c) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
d) Streptococcus pyogenes
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Correct Answer: a) Bacillus anthracis
Explanation: Anthrax is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It can affect humans through contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products, soil, or air. Anthrax can manifest in three forms: cutaneous (skin), inhalation, and gastrointestinal. Symptoms depend on the form of anthrax but may include fever, malaise, cough, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and skin lesions. Prompt treatment with antibiotics is crucial for successful recovery.
Q16. Which bacterial infection is commonly associated with contaminated food, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting?
a) Clostridium difficile infection
b) Campylobacter jejuni infection
c) Salmonella enterica infection
d) Listeria monocytogenes infection
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Correct Answer: c) Salmonella enterica infection
Explanation: Salmonella enterica is a bacterial species commonly associated with food poisoning, particularly from contaminated poultry, eggs, and unpasteurized dairy products. Symptoms of Salmonella infection include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Transmission occurs through ingestion of contaminated food or water, and the bacteria can also spread from person to person. Proper food handling and cooking can help prevent Salmonella contamination.
Q17. Which bacterial species is responsible for causing tetanus, a serious infection characterized by muscle stiffness and spasms?
a) Clostridium tetani
b) Bacillus anthracis
c) Mycobacterium leprae
d) Neisseria meningitidis
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Correct Answer: a) Clostridium tetani
Explanation: Tetanus is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which is commonly found in soil, dust, and animal feces. It enters the body through wounds or breaks in the skin. Tetanus leads to muscle stiffness, spasms, and rigidity, often starting with the jaw muscles (lockjaw) and spreading to other muscles. Without prompt treatment, tetanus can be fatal. Vaccination with the tetanus vaccine is essential for prevention.
Q18. Which bacterial infection is commonly associated with contaminated water or food, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, and headache?
a) Vibrio cholerae infection
b) Helicobacter pylori infection
c) Clostridium perfringens infection
d) Shigella spp. infection
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Correct Answer: d) Shigella spp. infection
Explanation: Shigella spp. are bacteria commonly associated with food and water contamination, particularly in areas with poor sanitation. Shigellosis is the illness caused by Shigella infection and is characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea (often bloody), fever, and headache. Shigella bacteria can be spread from person to person or through ingestion of contaminated food or water. Antibiotics may be prescribed to treat severe cases.
Q19. Which bacterial infection is commonly associated with contaminated food, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting?
a) Clostridium difficile infection
b) Campylobacter jejuni infection
c) Salmonella enterica infection
d) Listeria monocytogenes infection
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Correct Answer: b) Campylobacter jejuni infection
Explanation: Campylobacter jejuni is a bacterial species commonly associated with foodborne illness, particularly from undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, and contaminated water. Symptoms of Campylobacter infection include diarrhea (often bloody), abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting. In most cases, the illness is self-limiting and resolves without specific treatment, but severe cases may require antibiotic therapy.
Q20. Which bacterial species is responsible for causing syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection characterized by distinct stages of symptoms?
a) Treponema pallidum
b) Chlamydia trachomatis
c) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
d) Mycoplasma genitalium
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Correct Answer: a) Treponema pallidum
Explanation: Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, which is primarily transmitted through sexual contact. Syphilis progresses through distinct stages: primary (chancre at the site of infection), secondary (rash, flu-like symptoms), latent (asymptomatic), and tertiary (serious complications affecting various organs). Without treatment, syphilis can lead to severe complications such as neurosyphilis, cardiovascular syphilis, and gummatous lesions. Antibiotics are used to treat syphilis at various stages.