Q1. What is the primary source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions contributing to greenhouse gas emissions?
a) Industrial processes
b) Deforestation
c) Transportation
d) Agriculture
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Correct Answer: c) Transportation
Explanation: Transportation, including road vehicles, airplanes, ships, and trains, is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions globally. Burning fossil fuels such as gasoline and diesel for transportation releases CO2 into the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect and climate change.
Q2. Which activity is a major contributor to methane (CH4) emissions, a potent greenhouse gas?
a) Mining
b) Livestock farming
c) Renewable energy production
d) Waste management
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Correct Answer: b) Livestock farming
Explanation: Livestock farming, particularly ruminant animals like cattle, sheep, and goats, is a major source of methane emissions. Microorganisms in the digestive systems of these animals produce methane during the process of enteric fermentation, leading to significant emissions from belching and flatulence.
Q3. What is a significant cause of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, another potent greenhouse gas?
a) Industrial manufacturing
b) Forest fires
c) Fossil fuel combustion
d) Agricultural activities
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Correct Answer: d) Agricultural activities
Explanation: Agricultural activities such as fertilizer use, livestock manure management, and agricultural burning contribute to nitrous oxide emissions. Nitrous oxide is released from soil microbial processes, particularly during nitrogen fertilization and organic matter decomposition in agricultural soils.
Q4. Which sector is a primary source of fluorinated gases (F-gases), potent greenhouse gases with high global warming potentials?
a) Energy production
b) Chemical manufacturing
c) Waste incineration
d) Electronics manufacturing
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Correct Answer: b) Chemical manufacturing
Explanation: Fluorinated gases, including hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), are commonly used in industrial processes such as chemical manufacturing, refrigeration, air conditioning, and electronics production. These gases have high global warming potentials and contribute significantly to climate change when released into the atmosphere.
Q5. What is a major source of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, a greenhouse gas and air pollutant?
a) Volcanic eruptions
b) Forest degradation
c) Biomass burning
d) Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels
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Correct Answer: d) Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels
Explanation: Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles, industrial processes, and residential heating systems is a major source of carbon monoxide emissions. CO is produced when carbon-containing fuels such as gasoline, diesel, coal, and natural gas are burned without sufficient oxygen supply.
Q6. Which human activity is a significant contributor to deforestation, leading to increased greenhouse gas emissions?
a) Urbanization
b) Renewable energy production
c) Afforestation
d) Agriculture expansion
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Correct Answer: d) Agriculture expansion
Explanation: Agriculture expansion, particularly for activities like livestock grazing and crop cultivation, is a major driver of deforestation globally. The clearing of forests releases stored carbon into the atmosphere, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change.
Q7. What is a primary source of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions, a precursor to acid rain and a contributor to air pollution and climate change?
a) Agricultural activities
b) Industrial combustion
c) Marine transportation
d) Waste incineration
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Correct Answer: b) Industrial combustion
Explanation: Industrial combustion processes, including burning coal, oil, and natural gas for energy production, are a major source of sulfur dioxide emissions. SO2 is released when sulfur-containing fossil fuels are burned, contributing to air pollution, acid rain formation, and climate change.
Q8. Which sector is a primary source of methane emissions from human activities?
a) Energy production
b) Waste management
c) Forestry and land use change
d) Industrial processes
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Correct Answer: b) Waste management
Explanation: Waste management, including landfills, wastewater treatment, and organic waste management, is a significant source of methane emissions. Anaerobic decomposition of organic waste in landfills and wastewater treatment facilities produces methane, a potent greenhouse gas.
Q9. What activity contributes to emissions of both methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from agricultural sources?
a) Irrigation
b) Pesticide application
c) Crop harvesting
d) Animal manure management
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Correct Answer: d) Animal manure management
Explanation: Animal manure management, including storage, treatment, and spreading, is a significant source of methane and nitrous oxide emissions in agriculture. Microbial decomposition of organic matter in manure releases methane and nitrous oxide gases into the atmosphere.
Q10. What is a primary source of emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone and smog?
a) Industrial solvent use
b) Deforestation
c) Ocean acidification
d) Renewable energy production
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Correct Answer: a) Industrial solvent use
Explanation: Industrial processes such as painting, printing, cleaning, and chemical manufacturing are major sources of volatile organic compound emissions. VOCs react with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight to form ground-level ozone and smog, which have adverse effects on human health and the environment.