Q11. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of gymnosperms?
[A] Presence of flowers
[B] Enclosed seeds within fruits
[C] Naked seeds
[D] Dominant gametophytic phase
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Correct Answer: [C] Naked seeds
Explanation: Gymnosperms are characterized by the presence of naked seeds, meaning their ovules are not enclosed within an ovary wall and the seeds are not enclosed within a fruit. The term “gymnosperm” literally means “naked seed”.
Q12. The male gametophyte in gymnosperms is represented by the:
[A] Ovule
[B] Pollen grain
[C] Archegonium
[D] Antheridium
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Correct Answer: ([B] Pollen grain
Explanation: In gymnosperms, the male gametophyte is highly reduced and is represented by the pollen grain. The pollen grain contains the male gametes and is transported to the female gametophyte for fertilization.
Q13. Which of the following gymnosperms has flagellated sperm?
[A] Pinus
[B] Cycas
[C] Gnetum
[D] Ephedra
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Correct Answer: ([B] Cycas
Explanation: Cycas is a gymnosperm that retains the ancestral characteristic of having flagellated sperm, which swim to the archegonia for fertilization. This is in contrast to other gymnosperms like Pinus where the sperm are non-motile.
Q14. The endosperm in gymnosperms is:
[A] Haploid
[B] Diploid
[C] Triploid
[D] Tetraploid
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Correct Answer: [A] Haploid
Explanation: In gymnosperms, the endosperm is formed before fertilization as a result of the female gametophyte development. Therefore, it is haploid (n) in nature, containing the genetic material of the female gametophyte.
Q15. Angiosperms are characterized by the presence of:
[A] Naked seeds
[B] Dominant gametophytic phase
[C] Flowers and fruits
[D] Absence of vascular tissues
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Correct Answer: ([C] Flowers and fruits
Explanation: Angiosperms, or flowering plants, are characterized by the presence of flowers, which are the reproductive structures, and fruits, which develop from the ovary and enclose the seeds. This is the defining feature that distinguishes them from gymnosperms.
Q16. The male reproductive part of a flower is called the:
[A] Pistil
[B] Carpel
[C] Stamen
[D] Ovary
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Correct Answer: [C] Stamen
Explanation: The stamen is the male reproductive part of a flower. It consists of the anther, which produces pollen grains, and the filament, which supports the anther.
Q17. The female reproductive part of a flower is called the:
[A] Stamen
[B] Androecium
[C] Gynoecium
[D] Petal
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Correct Answer: ([C] Gynoecium
Explanation: The gynoecium is the female reproductive part of a flower. It is composed of one or more carpels, each consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.
Q18. The endosperm in angiosperms is typically:
[A] Haploid
[B] Diploid
[C] Triploid
[D] Tetraploid
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Correct Answer: [C] Triploid
Explanation: In angiosperms, the endosperm is formed as a result of triple fusion, where one male gamete fuses with the diploid secondary nucleus (formed by the fusion of two polar nuclei) in the central cell. This results in a triploid (3n) endosperm, which serves as nutritive tissue for the developing embryo.
Q19. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of dicotyledonous plants?
[A] Fibrous root system
[B] Parallel venation in leaves
[C] Presence of two cotyledons in the embryo
[D] Flowers with parts in multiples of three
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Correct Answer: [C] Presence of two cotyledons in the embryo
Explanation: Dicotyledonous plants are characterized by having two cotyledons (seed leaves) in their embryo. Other common features include taproot system, reticulate venation in leaves, and flowers with parts in multiples of four or five.
Q20. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of monocotyledonous plants?
[A] Reticulate venation in leaves
[B] Taproot system
[C] Presence of a single cotyledon in the embryo
[D] Flowers with parts in multiples of four or five
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Correct Answer: [C] Presence of a single cotyledon in the embryo
Explanation: Monocotyledonous plants are characterized by having a single cotyledon (seed leaf) in their embryo. Other common features include fibrous root system, parallel venation in leaves, and flowers with parts in multiples of three.