Q1. How does increasing the concentration of a solute affect its solubility in a solvent?
a) Solubility increases
b) Solubility decreases
c) Solubility remains unchanged
d) Solubility may increase or decrease depending on the solute-solvent interaction
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Correct Answer: a) Solubility increases
Explanation: When the concentration of a solute increases, its solubility in a solvent generally increases as well. This phenomenon follows the principle known as “like dissolves like,” where substances with similar polarities tend to dissolve in each other.
Q2. What happens to the solubility of a gas in a liquid when the pressure of the gas above the liquid increases?
a) Solubility increases
b) Solubility decreases
c) Solubility remains unchanged
d) Solubility may increase or decrease depending on the temperature
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Correct Answer: a) Solubility increases
Explanation: According to Henry’s Law, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid. Therefore, when the pressure of the gas increases, more gas molecules are forced into the liquid, leading to an increase in solubility.
Q3. How does temperature affect the solubility of most solid solutes in a solvent?
a) Solubility increases with temperature
b) Solubility decreases with temperature
c) Solubility remains unchanged with temperature
d) Solubility may increase or decrease depending on the solute-solvent interaction
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Correct Answer: a) Solubility increases with temperature
Explanation: In general, the solubility of most solid solutes in a solvent increases with temperature. This relationship is due to the fact that higher temperatures provide more energy to the solvent molecules, allowing them to overcome the intermolecular forces holding the solute particles together.
Q4. How does temperature affect the solubility of gases in a liquid?
a) Solubility increases with temperature
b) Solubility decreases with temperature
c) Solubility remains unchanged with temperature
d) Solubility may increase or decrease depending on the pressure
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Correct Answer: b) Solubility decreases with temperature
Explanation: Unlike the solubility of solid solutes, the solubility of gases in a liquid typically decreases with increasing temperature. This phenomenon occurs because higher temperatures reduce the solubility of gases due to decreased solute-solvent interactions.
Q5. How does increasing the surface area of a solid solute affect its solubility in a solvent?
a) Solubility increases
b) Solubility decreases
c) Solubility remains unchanged
d) Solubility may increase or decrease depending on the temperature
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Correct Answer: a) Solubility increases
Explanation: Increasing the surface area of a solid solute typically increases its solubility in a solvent. This relationship is attributed to the greater exposure of solute particles to the solvent, facilitating more frequent collisions and interactions between solute and solvent molecules.
Q6. How does stirring or agitation affect the solubility of a solute in a solvent?
a) Solubility increases
b) Solubility decreases
c) Solubility remains unchanged
d) Solubility may increase or decrease depending on the temperature
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Correct Answer: a) Solubility increases
Explanation: Stirring or agitation increases the solubility of a solute in a solvent by enhancing the mixing and interaction between solute and solvent molecules. By continuously mixing the solution, stirring ensures that fresh solvent comes into contact with the solute surface, promoting the dissolution process.
Q7. How does the presence of a common ion affect the solubility of a slightly soluble salt?
a) Solubility increases
b) Solubility decreases
c) Solubility remains unchanged
d) Solubility may increase or decrease depending on the temperature
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Correct Answer: b) Solubility decreases
Explanation: The presence of a common ion decreases the solubility of a slightly soluble salt through the common ion effect. When a soluble salt containing one of the ions present in the slightly soluble salt is added to the solution, the equilibrium shifts toward the formation of the insoluble salt, reducing its solubility.
Q8. How does pH affect the solubility of an acidic solute or basic solute?
a) Solubility increases at low pH for acidic solutes and high pH for basic solutes
b) Solubility decreases at low pH for acidic solutes and high pH for basic solutes
c) Solubility increases at high pH for acidic solutes and low pH for basic solutes
d) Solubility decreases at high pH for acidic solutes and low pH for basic solutes
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Correct Answer: a) Solubility increases at low pH for acidic solutes and high pH for basic solutes
Explanation: The solubility of acidic solutes typically increases at low pH (high acidity) due to the presence of excess H+ ions that can react with the solute, increasing its solubility. Conversely, the solubility of basic solutes typically increases at high pH (low acidity) due to the presence of excess OH- ions that can react with the solute, increasing its solubility.
Q9. How does the nature of solute-solvent interactions influence solubility?
a) Similar interactions increase solubility
b) Dissimilar interactions increase solubility
c) Similar interactions decrease solubility
d) Dissimilar interactions decrease solubility
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Correct Answer: a) Similar interactions increase solubility
Explanation: Solubility is often influenced by the nature of interactions between solute and solvent molecules. When solute-solvent interactions are similar, such as in the case of polar solutes in polar solvents or nonpolar solutes in nonpolar solvents, solubility tends to increase.
Q10. How does the addition of an inert solute affect the solubility of a sparingly soluble solute?
a) Solubility increases
b) Solubility decreases
c) Solubility remains unchanged
d) Solubility may increase or decrease depending on the temperature
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Correct Answer: a) Solubility increases
Explanation: The addition of an inert solute, which does not react chemically with the solute or solvent, can increase the solubility of a sparingly soluble solute through the common ion effect.