Q81. The balance of sodium and potassium in the body affects:
a) Vision
b) Hearing
c) Blood pressure
d) Taste perception
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Correct Answer: c) Blood pressure
Explanation: The balance of sodium and potassium in the body significantly affects blood pressure. These electrolytes work together to maintain fluid balance, which in turn influences blood pressure levels.
Q82. In sports nutrition, potassium is important because it:
a) Increases muscle mass
b) Reduces fatigue
c) Prevents dehydration
d) Enhances protein synthesis
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Correct Answer: c) Prevents dehydration
Explanation: In sports nutrition, potassium is important because it helps prevent dehydration. It maintains fluid balance, which is critical for athletes to prevent dehydration and maintain optimal performance.
Q83. Which food is a rich source of selenium?
a) White bread
b) Citrus fruits
c) Brazil nuts
d) Refined sugars
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Correct Answer: c) Brazil nuts
Explanation: Brazil nuts are renowned for being exceptionally rich in selenium. Just a few nuts can provide the daily recommended intake. Other sources include seafood, meat, and whole grains.
Q84. In the immune system, selenium is important because it:
a) Increases white blood cell count
b) Enhances antibody production
c) Boosts the body’s defence against infection
d) Directly attacks pathogens
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Correct Answer: c) Boosts the body’s defence against infection
Explanation: Selenium is important in the immune system because it boosts the body’s defence against infection. It strengthens the immune response and helps in the production of antibodies, enhancing the body’s ability to fight off viruses and bacteria.
Q85. The primary role of sodium in the human body is to:
a) Aid in digestion
b) Strengthen bones
c) Regulate blood pressure and fluid balance
d) Enhance muscle growth
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Correct Answer: c) Regulate blood pressure and fluid balance
Explanation: Sodium plays a vital role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. It works in conjunction with potassium to maintain the proper balance of fluids inside and outside of cells, which is crucial for normal body function.
Q86. High sodium intake is often associated with an increased risk of:
a) Anaemia
b) Hypertension
c) Osteoporosis
d) Hyperglycemia
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Correct Answer: b) Hypertension
Explanation: High sodium intake is often associated with an increased risk of hypertension (high blood pressure). Excess sodium can cause the body to retain water, increasing blood volume and, consequently, blood pressure.
Q87. The balance of sodium and potassium in the body is crucial for:
a) Maintaining vision
b) Digestive processes
c) Maintaining fluid balance
d) Blood sugar regulation
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Correct Answer: c) Maintaining fluid balance
Explanation: The balance of sodium and potassium is crucial for maintaining fluid balance in the body. These two electrolytes work together to control the distribution of fluids in and out of cells, a vital process for many bodily functions.
Q88. In the regulation of blood pressure, sodium levels are influenced by which hormone?
a) Insulin
b) Adrenaline
c) Aldosterone
d) Thyroxine
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Correct Answer: c) Aldosterone
Explanation: Aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, influences sodium levels and thereby helps regulate blood pressure. It signals the kidneys to retain sodium, which in turn affects fluid balance and blood pressure.
Q89. In the nervous system, sodium is essential for:
a) Neurotransmitter synthesis
b) Formation of the myelin sheath
c) Generating and transmitting nerve impulses
d) Reducing inflammation of nerve tissue
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Correct Answer: c) Generating and transmitting nerve impulses
Explanation: In the nervous system, sodium is essential for generating and transmitting nerve impulses. Sodium ions are key in the action potential, which is the electrical signal used for communication in the nervous system.
Q90. Zinc deficiency can lead to:
a) Increased bone density
b) Hyperactivity
c) Impaired immune function
d) High blood pressure
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Correct Answer: c) Impaired immune function
Explanation: Zinc deficiency can lead to impaired immune function. Zinc is essential for immune cell development and communication and plays a role in inflammatory response. A lack of zinc can make a person more susceptible to disease and illness.