Q31. Choline is considered a part of which vitamin family?
a) Vitamin B
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
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Correct Answer: a) Vitamin B
Explanation: Choline is often grouped with the B vitamins due to its similar functions and water-soluble nature. It participates in various metabolic processes like those associated with the B vitamins.
Q32. Choline is necessary for the synthesis of:
a) Haemoglobin
b) Insulin
c) DNA
d) Acetylcholine
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Correct Answer: d) Acetylcholine
Explanation: Choline is necessary for the synthesis of acetylcholine, an important neurotransmitter involved in many functions including memory, muscle movement, and autonomic nervous system activities.
Q33. The absorption of choline is enhanced by the presence of:
a) Vitamin C
b) Fatty acids
c) Fibre
d) Vitamin D
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Correct Answer: b) Fatty acids
Explanation: The absorption of choline is enhanced by the presence of dietary fat. Since choline is a component of lecithin, a fat emulsifier, its absorption is improved with fats.
Q34. Calcium is essential for:
a) Blood clotting
b) Muscle contraction
c) Nerve transmission
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Calcium plays a vital role in blood clotting, muscle contraction, and nerve transmission. It acts as a signalling molecule in various physiological processes, making it essential for overall health.
Q35. The absorption of calcium in the body is enhanced by:
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
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Correct Answer: c) Vitamin D
Explanation: Vitamin D enhances the absorption of calcium in the body. It helps the body absorb calcium from the intestine, which is crucial for the formation and maintenance of strong bones.
Q36. Overconsumption of calcium can lead to:
a) Osteoporosis
b) Kidney stones
c) Anaemia
d) Hypertension
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Correct Answer: b) Kidney stones
Explanation: Overconsumption of calcium can lead to the formation of kidney stones. Excessive calcium can combine with other substances to form stones that can cause pain and other health issues.
Q37. Calcium plays a significant role in which process in plants?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Transpiration
c) Germination
d) Signal transduction
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Correct Answer: d) Signal transduction
Explanation: In plants, calcium plays a significant role in signal transduction. It acts as a secondary messenger in various signalling pathways, influencing growth and development.
Q36. Chloride is an important electrolyte in the body because it:
a) Helps in blood sugar regulation
b) Is involved in generating stomach acid
c) Increases oxygen carrying capacity of blood
d) Builds muscle mass
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Correct Answer: b) Is involved in generating stomach acid
Explanation: Chloride is a key component of hydrochloric acid (HCl), a vital stomach acid. It aids in digestion and maintains the pH balance in the body.
Q38. In the process of water purification, chloride is used as:
a) A coagulant
b) A disinfectant
c) A pH stabilizer
d) A mineral supplement
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Correct Answer: b) A disinfectant
Explanation: In water purification, chloride, particularly in the form of chlorine, is used as a disinfectant. It helps eliminate harmful bacteria and pathogens to ensure safe drinking water.
Q39. Chromium supplementation is often used to:
a) Lower cholesterol
b) Improve athletic performance
c) Increase bone density
d) Aid weight loss
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Correct Answer: d) Aid weight loss
Explanation: Chromium supplementation is sometimes used to aid weight loss and improve body composition, although the efficacy and safety of this practice are subjects of ongoing research and debate.
Q40. What can cause a decrease in chromium levels in the body?
a) High sugar diet
b) High protein diet
c) High fibre diet
d) High fat diet
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Correct Answer: a) High sugar diet
Explanation: A high sugar diet can cause a decrease in chromium levels in the body. Processed sugars can increase chromium excretion in the urine, leading to a potential decrease in chromium levels.