Q21. Which form of Vitamin E is most active in the human body?
a) Alpha-tocopherol
b) Beta-tocopherol
c) Gamma-tocopherol
d) Delta-tocopherol
Show Answer
Correct Answer: a) Alpha-tocopherol
Explanation: Alpha-tocopherol is the form of Vitamin E that is most active and meets human requirements more effectively. It is the form most commonly found in vitamin supplements and used in fortification of foods.
Q22. Vitamin E plays a role in the prevention of which type of anaemia?
a) Iron-deficiency anaemia
b) Haemolytic anaemia
c) Pernicious anaemia
d) Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Haemolytic anaemia
Explanation: Vitamin E plays a role in preventing haemolytic anaemia, particularly in premature infants. It protects red blood cells from being destroyed prematurely.
Q23. Almonds are a rich source of which vitamin?
a) Vitamin B12
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
Show Answer
Correct Answer: d) Vitamin E
Explanation: Almonds are a rich source of Vitamin E. Just a handful of almonds can provide a significant amount of the daily recommended intake of this vitamin.
Q24. Vitamin K is primarily known for its role in:
a) Blood sugar regulation
b) Blood clotting
c) Energy metabolism
d) Bone density
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Blood clotting
Explanation: Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of proteins required for blood coagulation. It helps in the formation of clotting factors, which are necessary for blood to clot and prevent excessive bleeding.
Q25. Which form of Vitamin K is synthesized by gut bacteria?
a) Vitamin K1
b) Vitamin K2
c) Vitamin K3
d) Vitamin K4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Vitamin K2
Explanation: Vitamin K2, also known as menaquinone, is synthesized by gut bacteria in the human intestine. It plays a role in bone metabolism and heart health.
Q26. New-born infants are often given a Vitamin K injection to prevent:
a) Rickets
b) Vitamin K deficiency bleeding
c) Scurvy
d) Night blindness
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Vitamin K deficiency bleeding
Explanation: New-borns are given a Vitamin K injection to prevent Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB). New-borns have low levels of Vitamin K, which is necessary for blood clotting, and are at risk for this potentially life-threatening condition.
Q27. Vitamin K is important for the synthesis of:
a) Haemoglobin
b) Insulin
c) Prothrombin
d) Thyroxine
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Prothrombin
Explanation: Vitamin K is crucial for the synthesis of prothrombin, a key protein in the blood clotting process. It also plays a role in the synthesis of other clotting factors.
Q28. What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of Vitamin K for an average adult male?
a) 50 µg
b) 120 µg
c) 90 µg
d) 150 µg
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) 120 µg
Explanation: The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of Vitamin K for an average adult male is 120 micrograms (µg) per day. For adult females, it’s 90 µg per day.
Q29. Choline is:
a) A vitamin
b) A mineral
c) An essential nutrient
d) An amino acid
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) An essential nutrient
Explanation: Choline is classified as an essential nutrient. It is required for a wide range of physiological processes, including normal brain development, nerve function, muscle movement, and supporting energy levels.
Q30. Choline deficiency can lead to:
a) Muscle cramps
b) Blood clots
c) Liver damage
d) Vision impairment
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Liver damage
Explanation: Choline deficiency can lead to liver damage, including conditions like fatty liver disease and liver cirrhosis. This is due to choline’s role in fat metabolism and transport in the body.