Q41. What is the main function of the spleen in the human body?
A) To filter urine
B) To store and filter blood
C) To digest food
D) To regulate body temperature
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Correct Answer: B) To store and filter blood
Explanation: The spleen filters blood as part of the immune system. Old red blood cells are recycled in the spleen, and platelets and white blood cells are stored there.
Q42. Which part of the human body is primarily responsible for balancing electrolytes?
A) Heart
B) Lungs
C) Kidneys
D) Liver
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Correct Answer: C) Kidneys
Explanation: The kidneys play a crucial role in balancing electrolytes in the body, including sodium, potassium, and chloride, which are vital for cell function and energy production.
Q43. What is the term for the group of proteins in blood that help defend against pathogens?
A) Hemoglobin
B) Antibodies
C) Platelets
D) Plasma
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Correct Answer: B) Antibodies
Explanation: Antibodies are a group of proteins produced by the immune system that help fight off pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.
Q44. Which part of the brain is responsible for memory?
A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Hypothalamus
D) Hippocampus
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Correct Answer: D) Hippocampus
Explanation: The hippocampus is a small organ located within the brain’s medial temporal lobe and is associated with memory forming, organizing, and storing.
Q45. What is the main function of the trachea in the respiratory system?
A) To exchange gases
B) To warm and moisten the air
C) To transport air to and from the lungs
D) To absorb oxygen
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Correct Answer: C) To transport air to and from the lungs
Explanation: The trachea, or windpipe, provides a clear airway for air to enter and exit the lungs.
Q46. Which vitamin is necessary for the synthesis of collagen?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B12
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
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Correct Answer: C) Vitamin C
Explanation: Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen, which helps maintain skin, blood vessels, bones, and cartilage.
Q47. What is the function of the tympanic membrane in the ear?
A) To balance fluids
B) To process sounds
C) To protect the inner ear
D) To vibrate in response to sound waves
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Correct Answer: D) To vibrate in response to sound waves
Explanation: The tympanic membrane, or eardrum, vibrates in response to sound waves; these vibrations are then transmitted to the bones of the middle ear.
Q48. Which gland regulates metabolism in the human body?
A) Adrenal gland
B) Pancreas
C) Thyroid gland
D) Pituitary gland
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Correct Answer: C) Thyroid gland
Explanation: The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate the body’s metabolic rate as well as heart and digestive function, muscle control, brain development, and bone maintenance.
Q49. What is the primary function of the axons in a neuron?
A) To receive signals
B) To support structure
C) To transmit signals
D) To supply nutrients
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Correct Answer: C) To transmit signals
Explanation: Axons are long, slender projections of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conduct electrical impulses away from the neuron’s cell body or soma.
Q50. Which part of the human body is responsible for producing digestive enzymes?
A) Liver
B) Gallbladder
C) Pancreas
D) Stomach
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Correct Answer: C) Pancreas
Explanation: The pancreas produces important enzymes and hormones that help break down foods. It has an exocrine function because it releases juices into the digestive system, and an endocrine function because it releases juices directly into the bloodstream.