Q41. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of harmful substances in both plant and animal cells?
a) Golgi apparatus
b) Endoplasmic reticulum
c) Peroxisome
d) Vacuole
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Correct Answer: b) Endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification of harmful substances in both plant and animal cells. The smooth ER, in particular, lacks ribosomes and is primarily involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification processes.
Q42. What is the function of the cytoskeleton in both plant and animal cells?
a) Cellular locomotion
b) Photosynthesis
c) Storage of water
d) Protein synthesis
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Correct Answer: a) Cellular locomotion
Explanation: The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that provides structural support to the cell and facilitates cellular movements such as cellular locomotion, intracellular transport, and cell division. It is present in both plant and animal cells.
Q43. Which structure is responsible for maintaining cell shape, providing mechanical support, and facilitating cellular movement in both plant and animal cells?
a) Nucleus
b) Ribosome
c) Cell membrane
d) Cytoskeleton
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Correct Answer: d) Cytoskeleton
Explanation: The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that provides structural support to the cell, maintains cell shape, and facilitates cellular movement. It includes microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
Q44. Which organelle is responsible for recycling cellular waste and old organelles in both plant and animal cells?
a) Peroxisome
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Lysosome
d) Mitochondrion
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Correct Answer: c) Lysosome
Explanation: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes responsible for breaking down cellular waste materials, old organelles, and foreign particles through a process called autophagy. They play a crucial role in cellular recycling and waste management.
Q45. What is the primary function of the central vacuole in plant cells?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Storage of water and nutrients
c) ATP production
d) Cellular respiration
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Correct Answer: b) Storage of water and nutrients
Explanation: The central vacuole is a large, membrane-bound organelle found in plant cells that serves as a storage compartment for water, nutrients, ions, pigments, and waste products. It helps maintain turgor pressure and supports the cell.
Q46. Which organelle is responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration in both plant and animal cells?
a) Chloroplast
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Mitochondrion
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
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Correct Answer: c) Mitochondrion
Explanation: Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. They are present in both plant and animal cells and are often referred to as the “powerhouses” of the cell.
Q47. Which structure is involved in packaging and transporting proteins for secretion in both plant and animal cells?
a) Nucleolus
b) Endoplasmic reticulum
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Peroxisome
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Correct Answer: c) Golgi apparatus
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus, or Golgi complex, is involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles. It receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them before distributing them to their final destinations.
Q48. What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?
a) Regulation of cellular processes
b) Protection against mechanical stress
c) ATP production
d) Cellular respiration
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Correct Answer: b) Protection against mechanical stress
Explanation: The cell wall is a rigid structure found outside the plasma membrane of plant cells. It provides structural support, protection against mechanical stress, and helps maintain cell shape. It also prevents excessive water uptake.
Q49. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
a) Nucleus
b) Lysosome
c) Chloroplast
d) Golgi apparatus
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Correct Answer: c) Chloroplast
Explanation: Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures light energy from the sun and converts it into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
Q50. Which structure contains the genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities in both plant and animal cells?
a) Nucleus
b) Ribosome
c) Endoplasmic reticulum
d) Golgi apparatus
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Correct Answer: a) Nucleus
Explanation: The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. It is present in both plant and animal cells.