Q11. Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids and detoxifying harmful substances in both plant and animal cells?
a) Chloroplast
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Endoplasmic reticulum
d) Vacuole
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Correct Answer: c) Endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranes involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification of harmful substances. Rough ER has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein synthesis, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification.
Q12. What is the function of the cytoskeleton in both plant and animal cells?
a) Storage of water and nutrients
b) Generation of ATP
c) Cellular locomotion and structural support
d) Synthesis of proteins
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Correct Answer: c) Cellular locomotion and structural support
Explanation: The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that provides structural support to the cell, maintains cell shape, and facilitates cellular movement. It is involved in processes such as cell division, cell motility, and intracellular transport.
Q13. Which organelle is responsible for recycling cellular waste and old organelles in both plant and animal cells?
a) Lysosome
b) Peroxisome
c) Vacuole
d) Golgi apparatus
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Correct Answer: a) Lysosome
Explanation: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes that break down cellular waste materials, old organelles, and foreign particles through a process called autophagy. They play a crucial role in cellular recycling and waste management.
Q14. Which structure is involved in maintaining cell shape, providing mechanical support, and facilitating cellular movement in both plant and animal cells?
a) Chloroplast
b) Cell wall
c) Cytoplasm
d) Nucleus
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Correct Answer: c) Cytoplasm
Explanation: Cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds organelles. It provides structural support to organelles, maintains cell shape, and serves as a medium for intracellular transport and cellular processes.
Q15. Which organelle is responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration in both plant and animal cells?
a) Chloroplast
b) Mitochondrion
c) Ribosome
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
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Correct Answer: b) Mitochondrion
Explanation: Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. They are often referred to as the “powerhouses” of the cell and are present in both plant and animal cells.
Q16. What is the primary function of the central vacuole in plant cells?
a) Storage of genetic material
b) Cellular respiration
c) Storage of water, nutrients, and waste products
d) Synthesis of proteins
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Correct Answer: c) Storage of water, nutrients, and waste products
Explanation: The central vacuole in plant cells serves as a large storage organelle responsible for storing water, nutrients, ions, pigments, and waste products. It also helps maintain turgor pressure, which is essential for cell rigidity and plant growth.
Q17. Which organelle is responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis in plant cells?
a) Nucleus
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Chloroplast
d) Lysosome
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Correct Answer: c) Chloroplast
Explanation: Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that contain chlorophyll, a pigment responsible for capturing light energy from the sun. They use this energy to drive the process of photosynthesis, converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
Q18. Which structure is responsible for maintaining the integrity and shape of the nucleus in both plant and animal cells?
a) Nucleolus
b) Nuclear envelope
c) Ribosome
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: b) Nuclear envelope
Explanation: The nuclear envelope, also known as the nuclear membrane, surrounds the nucleus and separates its contents from the cytoplasm. It helps maintain the integrity and shape of the nucleus and regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus.
Q19. Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing and processing proteins for secretion in both plant and animal cells?
a) Nucleus
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Endoplasmic reticulum
d) Lysosome
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Correct Answer: b) Golgi apparatus
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus, or Golgi complex, is involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles. It receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them before distributing them to their final destinations.
Q20. What is the function of the nucleolus in both plant and animal cells?
a) Synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
b) Production of ATP
c) Synthesis of DNA
d) Breakdown of cellular waste
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Correct Answer: a) Synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Explanation: The nucleolus is a region within the nucleus responsible for synthesizing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembling ribosomal subunits. These ribosomal subunits are then transported to the cytoplasm, where they combine with proteins to form functional ribosomes involved in protein synthesis.