Q1. What is the function of the mitochondria in both plant and animal cells?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Cellular respiration
c) Protein synthesis
d) Lipid synthesis
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Correct Answer: b) Cellular respiration
Explanation: Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the process of cellular respiration. This occurs in both plant and animal cells to provide energy for various cellular activities.
Q2. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins in both plant and animal cells?
a) Golgi apparatus
b) Endoplasmic reticulum
c) Nucleus
d) Ribosome
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Correct Answer: d) Ribosome
Explanation: Ribosomes are cellular organelles involved in protein synthesis. They can be found free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes are present in both plant and animal cells and play a vital role in cellular function.
Q3. Which structure is unique to plant cells and responsible for providing structural support and protection?
a) Chloroplast
b) Vacuole
c) Cell wall
d) Nucleus
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Correct Answer: c) Cell wall
Explanation: The cell wall is a rigid structure found outside the plasma membrane of plant cells. It provides structural support, protection against mechanical stress, and helps maintain cell shape. Animal cells lack cell walls.
Q4. What is the function of the chloroplast in plant cells?
a) ATP production
b) Photosynthesis
c) Protein synthesis
d) Lipid synthesis
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Correct Answer: b) Photosynthesis
Explanation: Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures light energy from the sun and converts it into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
Q5. Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in both plant and animal cells?
a) Lysosome
b) Peroxisome
c) Endoplasmic reticulum
d) Golgi apparatus
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Correct Answer: b) Peroxisome
Explanation: Peroxisomes are small, membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes involved in detoxification processes, such as breaking down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. They are present in both plant and animal cells.
Q6. Which structure is responsible for storing water, nutrients, and waste products in plant cells?
a) Nucleus
b) Lysosome
c) Vacuole
d) Centrosome
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Correct Answer: c) Vacuole
Explanation: Vacuoles are large membrane-bound organelles found in plant cells that store water, nutrients, and waste products. They also help maintain turgor pressure, which is essential for maintaining the rigidity of plant cells.
Q7. Which organelle is responsible for sorting, modifying, and packaging proteins for secretion in both plant and animal cells?
a) Golgi apparatus
b) Endoplasmic reticulum
c) Ribosome
d) Mitochondria
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Correct Answer: a) Golgi apparatus
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus, or Golgi complex, is involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles. It is present in both plant and animal cells.
Q8. Which organelle contains enzymes responsible for breaking down waste materials in both plant and animal cells?
a) Golgi apparatus
b) Lysosome
c) Vacuole
d) Peroxisome
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Correct Answer: b) Lysosome
Explanation: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes responsible for breaking down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign invaders. They are present in both plant and animal cells.
Q9. Which structure is responsible for controlling the movement of materials into and out of the cell in both plant and animal cells?
a) Cell membrane
b) Cell wall
c) Nucleus
d) Mitochondria
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Correct Answer: a) Cell membrane
Explanation: The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell, allowing nutrients to enter and waste products to exit. It is present in both plant and animal cells.
Q10. Which organelle is responsible for storing genetic material and controlling cellular activities in both plant and animal cells?
a) Nucleus
b) Ribosome
c) Chloroplast
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
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Correct Answer: a) Nucleus
Explanation: The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. It is present in both plant and animal cells.