Q1. Which of the following is a method of sexual reproduction in animals?
a) Budding
b) Binary fission
c) Fragmentation
d) External fertilization
Show Answer
Correct Answer: d) External fertilization
Explanation: External fertilization is a method where eggs are fertilized outside the body of the organism, typically in aquatic environments. This process involves the release of gametes (sperm and eggs) into the surrounding water, allowing them to meet and fertilize externally. This is common in many aquatic animals like fish and amphibians.
Q2. In which stage of sexual reproduction does meiosis occur?
a) Fertilization
b) Gametogenesis
c) Zygote formation
d) Cleavage
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Gametogenesis
Explanation: Meiosis occurs during gametogenesis, the process by which specialized cells called gametes (sperm and eggs) are formed. During meiosis, a single diploid cell undergoes two rounds of division to produce four haploid daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. These haploid cells then mature into gametes.
Q3. Which of the following is NOT a function of gonads in sexual reproduction?
a) Production of gametes
b) Secretion of hormones
c) Storage of nutrients
d) Regulation of sexual behavior
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Storage of nutrients
Explanation: Gonads are the primary reproductive organs responsible for the production of gametes (sperm and eggs) and the secretion of sex hormones. They play crucial roles in the regulation of sexual behavior and secondary sexual characteristics. However, they are not involved in the storage of nutrients, which is primarily handled by other organs like the liver and adipose tissue.
Q4. What is the function of the acrosome in sperm?
a) Provides energy for motility
b) Protects the DNA
c) Contains enzymes for penetrating the egg
d) Synthesizes hormones
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Contains enzymes for penetrating the egg
Explanation: The acrosome is a specialized structure located at the tip of the sperm cell’s head. It contains digestive enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the outer layer of the egg during fertilization. These enzymes break down the protective barriers surrounding the egg, allowing the sperm to reach and fertilize it.
Q5. Which structure in the female reproductive system produces estrogen and progesterone?
a) Ovary
b) Uterus
c) Fallopian tube
d) Vagina
Show Answer
Correct Answer: a) Ovary
Explanation: The ovaries are the primary female reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs (ova) and releasing female sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. These hormones play crucial roles in regulating the menstrual cycle, maintaining pregnancy, and controlling secondary sexual characteristics in females.
Q6. In humans, where does fertilization typically occur?
a) Ovary
b) Uterus
c) Fallopian tube
d) Vagina
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Fallopian tube
Explanation: Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube, also known as the oviduct. After ovulation, the egg is released from the ovary and enters the fallopian tube, where it may encounter sperm. If sperm are present and fertilization occurs, the resulting zygote begins to divide and eventually implants itself in the uterus for further development.
Q7. What is the name of the process where the outer layer of the uterine wall is shed during menstruation?
a) Ovulation
b) Fertilization
c) Menstruation
d) Implantation
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Menstruation
Explanation: Menstruation is the process where the thickened lining of the uterus (endometrium) is shed along with blood through the vagina. This occurs approximately every 28 days in females who are not pregnant and marks the end of the menstrual cycle if fertilization and implantation do not occur.
Q8. Which of the following is a male secondary sexual characteristic?
a) Enlarged breasts
b) Widened hips
c) Deeper voice
d) Menstruation
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Deeper voice
Explanation: Secondary sexual characteristics are physical traits that develop during puberty and are associated with sexual maturity but are not directly involved in reproduction. In males, a deeper voice is a secondary sexual characteristic caused by the enlargement of the larynx (Adam’s apple) and thickening of the vocal cords due to increased testosterone levels.
Q9. What is the term for the release of an egg from the ovary?
a) Menstruation
b) Ovulation
c) Fertilization
d) Implantation
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Ovulation
Explanation: Ovulation is the process where a mature egg (ovum) is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube, making it available for fertilization by sperm. This typically occurs midway through the menstrual cycle, around day 14 in a 28-day cycle, and is triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH).
Q10. Which of the following is NOT a method of asexual reproduction?
a) Binary fission
b) Budding
c) Spore formation
d) Internal fertilization
Show Answer
Correct Answer: d) Internal fertilization
Explanation: Internal fertilization is a method of sexual reproduction where fertilization occurs inside the body of the organism, typically in terrestrial or semi-aquatic environments. It involves the direct transfer of sperm from the male to the female reproductive tract. In contrast, the other options listed are methods of asexual reproduction commonly observed in various organisms.
Q11. In which part of the male reproductive system are sperm stored and matured?
a) Epididymis
b) Seminal vesicles
c) Prostate gland
d) Vas deferens
Show Answer
Correct Answer: a) Epididymis
Explanation: The epididymis is a coiled tube located on the surface of each testis in the male reproductive system. It serves as a site for sperm storage and maturation. Sperm produced in the testes travel through the epididymis, where they gain motility and become capable of fertilizing an egg.
Q12. Which of the following statements about sexual reproduction is true?
a) It produces genetically identical offspring.
b) It requires only one parent.
c) It involves the fusion of gametes.
d) It occurs exclusively in plants.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) It involves the fusion of gametes.
Explanation: Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of specialized reproductive cells called gametes, typically a sperm and an egg. This process results in the formation of genetically diverse offspring with unique combinations of genetic material from both parents. It is common in both plants and animals.
Q13. What is the term for the process of cell division that produces gametes?
a) Mitosis
b) Meiosis
c) Fertilization
d) Cleavage
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Meiosis
Explanation: Meiosis is the process of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and eggs) in sexually reproducing organisms. Unlike mitosis, which results in the formation of identical daughter cells, meiosis involves two rounds of division and produces four haploid daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Q14. Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction?
a) Rapid population growth
b) Adaptation to changing environments
c) Production of offspring with identical genetic makeup
d) Conservation of energy
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Adaptation to changing environments
Explanation: Sexual reproduction promotes genetic diversity by shuffling genetic material between individuals, resulting in offspring with unique combinations of traits. This genetic variation increases the likelihood of survival and adaptation to changing environmental conditions, providing an evolutionary advantage over asexual reproduction.
Q15. Which of the following is NOT a part of the female reproductive system?
a) Ovary
b) Testis
c) Uterus
d) Vagina
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Testis
Explanation: The testis is a male reproductive organ responsible for producing sperm and male sex hormones (e.g., testosterone). It is not part of the female reproductive system. The other options listed are components of the female reproductive system involved in the production, transport, and nourishment of eggs and support for fetal development.
Q16. Which structure connects the ovaries to the uterus and serves as a passageway for eggs?
a) Cervix
b) Fallopian tube
c) Oviduct
d) Vagina
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Fallopian tube
Explanation: The fallopian tubes, also known as oviducts, are a pair of tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus in the female reproductive system. They serve as passageways for eggs (ova) released from the ovaries to reach the uterus. Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes if sperm are present.
Q17. What is the term for the union of a sperm cell and an egg cell?
a) Ovulation
b) Menstruation
c) Fertilization
d) Implantation
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Fertilization
Explanation: Fertilization is the process where a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell (ovum) to form a single diploid cell called a zygote. This event typically occurs in the fallopian tube after ovulation. Fertilization marks the beginning of embryonic development, leading to the formation of a new organism.
Q18. Which of the following is NOT a male secondary sexual characteristic?
a) Enlarged larynx
b) Facial hair growth
c) Broadening of hips
d) Increased muscle mass
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Broadening of hips
Explanation: Male secondary sexual characteristics are physical traits that develop during puberty under the influence of male sex hormones (e.g., testosterone) but are not directly involved in reproduction. Broadening of the hips is a female secondary sexual characteristic, whereas the other options listed are typical male secondary sexual traits.
Q19. What is the role of the corpus luteum in the female reproductive system?
a) Production of estrogen and progesterone
b) Release of eggs from the ovaries
c) Secretion of testosterone
d) Formation of sperm
Show Answer
Correct Answer: a) Production of estrogen and progesterone
Explanation: The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure formed in the ovary after ovulation. Its main function is to produce and secrete hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, which are essential for maintaining the uterine lining during pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a drop in hormone levels and the onset of menstruation.
Q20. What is the function of the cervix in the female reproductive system?
a) Production of eggs
b) Secretion of lubricating fluids
c) Passage for sperm to enter the uterus
d) Protection of the developing embryo
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Passage for sperm to enter the uterus
Explanation: The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that connects the uterus to the vagina in the female reproductive system. It serves as a passage for sperm to enter the uterus during sexual intercourse. The cervix also plays a role in childbirth by dilating to allow the passage of the baby from the uterus into the vagina during labor.
Q21. Which of the following is a disadvantage of sexual reproduction?
a) High energy expenditure
b) Limited genetic variation
c) Rapid colonization of new habitats
d) Ability to adapt to changing environments
Show Answer
Correct Answer: a) High energy expenditure
Explanation: Sexual reproduction typically requires more energy than asexual reproduction due to the complexities involved in producing and maintaining specialized reproductive structures, attracting mates, and producing gametes. While sexual reproduction promotes genetic diversity and adaptation to changing environments, it comes at the cost of increased energy expenditure.
Q22. In which structure does fertilization occur in birds?
a) Ovary
b) Uterus
c) Cloaca
d) Oviduct
Show Answer
Correct Answer: d) Oviduct
Explanation: In birds, fertilization occurs in the oviduct, a specialized reproductive structure responsible for the formation and transport of eggs. The oviduct consists of several regions, including the infundibulum, where fertilization typically occurs after the egg is released from the ovary. Once fertilized, the egg continues its journey through the oviduct for the formation of the eggshell and eventual laying.
Q23. Which of the following statements about sexual reproduction is true?
a) It produces genetically identical offspring.
b) It involves only one parent.
c) It is common in bacteria and some plants.
d) It occurs exclusively in mammals.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) It is common in bacteria and some plants.
Explanation: While sexual reproduction is prevalent in many animals, it is also observed in certain plants, fungi, and protists. Additionally, some bacteria engage in various forms of genetic exchange, such as conjugation, which can be considered a type of sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction typically involves two parents and results in genetically diverse offspring.
Q24. What is the function of the placenta during pregnancy?
a) Production of eggs
b) Exchange of nutrients and waste between mother and fetus
c) Secretion of hormones to maintain pregnancy
d) Passage for sperm to enter the uterus
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Exchange of nutrients and waste between mother and fetus
Explanation: The placenta is an organ that develops during pregnancy and serves as a site for the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the mother’s bloodstream and the developing fetus. It provides a barrier that allows for selective passage of substances while protecting the fetus from harmful agents.
Q25. Which of the following is a male reproductive hormone?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Testosterone
d) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Testosterone
Explanation: Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. It is produced primarily in the testes and plays crucial roles in sperm production, libido, muscle mass, and bone density.
Q26. What is the name of the process where the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall?
a) Ovulation
b) Fertilization
c) Menstruation
d) Implantation
Show Answer
Correct Answer: d) Implantation
Explanation: Implantation is the process where the blastocyst, a hollow ball of cells formed after fertilization, attaches to the thickened lining of the uterus (endometrium). This event marks the beginning of pregnancy and allows for the establishment of a nutrient-rich connection between the developing embryo and the maternal blood supply.
Q27. Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is true?
a) It occurs in the ovaries.
b) It results in the formation of one egg cell.
c) It produces four sperm cells from one diploid cell.
d) It involves only one round of cell division.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) It produces four sperm cells from one diploid cell.
Explanation: Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm cell formation in the male reproductive system. It occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes and involves multiple stages of cell division and maturation. During spermatogenesis, one diploid germ cell undergoes two rounds of division to produce four haploid sperm cells with half the number of chromosomes.
Q28. What is the function of the seminal vesicles in the male reproductive system?
a) Production of sperm
b) Storage and maturation of sperm
c) Secretion of alkaline fluid to neutralize acidic vaginal environment
d) Secretion of testosterone
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Secretion of alkaline fluid to neutralize acidic vaginal environment
Explanation: The seminal vesicles are a pair of glands located near the base of the bladder in the male reproductive system. Their main function is to secrete a fluid rich in fructose and other nutrients that nourish and energize sperm. Additionally, the fluid contains alkaline substances that help neutralize the acidic environment of the female reproductive tract, enhancing sperm survival and motility.
Q29. Which of the following is a part of the male reproductive system?
a) Ovary
b) Uterus
c) Testis
d) Fallopian tube
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Testis
Explanation: The testis is a primary male reproductive organ responsible for producing sperm and male sex hormones (e.g., testosterone). It is located within the scrotum, a sac of skin outside the body, to maintain a lower temperature optimal for sperm production. The other options listed are components of the female reproductive system.
Q30. What is the function of the vas deferens in the male reproductive system?
a) Production of sperm
b) Storage and maturation of sperm
c) Passage for sperm to enter the urethra
d) Secretion of seminal fluid
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Passage for sperm to enter the urethra
Explanation: The vas deferens, also known as the ductus deferens, is a long, muscular tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra during ejaculation. It serves as a passageway for sperm to travel from the testes to the outside of the body, where they are expelled during ejaculation.
Q31. Which of the following is NOT a method of fertilization in animals?
a) External fertilization
b) Internal fertilization
c) Copulation
d) Pollination
Show Answer
Correct Answer: d) Pollination
Explanation: Pollination is a reproductive process observed in plants, where pollen grains are transferred from the male reproductive organ (anther) to the female reproductive organ (stigma) of a flower, leading to the formation of seeds. In animals, fertilization can occur externally or internally, facilitated by copulation in many species.
Q32. What is the term for the shedding of the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle?
a) Ovulation
b) Fertilization
c) Menstruation
d) Implantation
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Menstruation
Explanation: Menstruation is the cyclic shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) along with blood and tissue through the vagina in females who are not pregnant. It occurs approximately every 28 days as part of the menstrual cycle and marks the end of one cycle if fertilization and implantation do not occur.
Q33. Which of the following is NOT a part of the female reproductive system?
a) Ovary
b) Testis
c) Uterus
d) Vagina
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Testis
Explanation: The testis is a male reproductive organ responsible for producing sperm and male sex hormones (e.g., testosterone). It is not part of the female reproductive system. The other options listed are components of the female reproductive system involved in the production, transport, and nourishment of eggs and support for fetal development.
Q34. Which hormone is responsible for stimulating ovulation in females?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
d) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Explanation: Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a hormone released by the anterior pituitary gland that plays a crucial role in regulating the menstrual cycle and ovulation in females. A surge in LH levels triggers the release of a mature egg (ovum) from the ovary during the middle of the menstrual cycle, typically around day 14 in a 28-day cycle.
Q35. Which of the following is NOT a function of the placenta during pregnancy?
a) Exchange of gases
b) Exchange of nutrients and waste
c) Production of hormones to maintain pregnancy
d) Production of eggs
Show Answer
Correct Answer: d) Production of eggs
Explanation: The placenta is an organ that develops during pregnancy and serves multiple functions, including the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the maternal bloodstream and the developing fetus. It also produces hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, which are essential for maintaining pregnancy and supporting fetal growth and development.
Q36. What is the function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system?
a) Production of sperm
b) Storage and maturation of sperm
c) Secretion of seminal fluid
d) Passage for sperm to enter the urethra
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Storage and maturation of sperm
Explanation: The epididymis is a tightly coiled tube located on the surface of each testis in the male reproductive system. Its main function is to store and mature sperm cells produced in the testes. Sperm spend several days in the epididymis, where they gain motility and become capable of fertilizing an egg.
Q37. Which of the following statements about sexual reproduction is true?
a) It produces genetically identical offspring.
b) It requires only one parent.
c) It involves the fusion of gametes.
d) It occurs exclusively in plants.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) It involves the fusion of gametes.
Explanation: Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of specialized reproductive cells called gametes, typically a sperm and an egg. This process results in the formation of genetically diverse offspring with unique combinations of genetic material from both parents. It is common in both plants and animals.
Q38. What is the term for the process of cell division that produces gametes?
a) Mitosis
b) Meiosis
c) Fertilization
d) Cleavage
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Meiosis
Explanation: Meiosis is the process of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and eggs) in sexually reproducing organisms. Unlike mitosis, which results in the formation of identical daughter cells, meiosis involves two rounds of division and produces four haploid daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Q39. Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction?
a) Rapid population growth
b) Adaptation to changing environments
c) Production of offspring with identical genetic makeup
d) Conservation of energy
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Adaptation to changing environments
Explanation: Sexual reproduction promotes genetic diversity by shuffling genetic material between individuals, resulting in offspring with unique combinations of traits. This genetic variation increases the likelihood of survival and adaptation to changing environmental conditions, providing an evolutionary advantage over asexual reproduction.
Q40. Which of the following is NOT a part of the female reproductive system?
a) Ovary
b) Testis
c) Uterus
d) Vagina
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Testis
Explanation: The testis is a male reproductive organ responsible for producing sperm and male sex hormones (e.g., testosterone). It is not part of the female reproductive system. The other options listed are components of the female reproductive system involved in the production, transport, and nourishment of eggs and support for fetal development.
Q41. Which structure connects the ovaries to the uterus and serves as a passageway for eggs?
a) Cervix
b) Fallopian tube
c) Oviduct
d) Vagina
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Fallopian tube
Explanation: The fallopian tubes, also known as oviducts, are a pair of tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus in the female reproductive system. They serve as passageways for eggs (ova) released from the ovaries to reach the uterus. Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes if sperm are present.
Q42. What is the term for the union of a sperm cell and an egg cell?
a) Ovulation
b) Menstruation
c) Fertilization
d) Implantation
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Fertilization
Explanation: Fertilization is the process where a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell (ovum) to form a single diploid cell called a zygote. This event typically occurs in the fallopian tube after ovulation. Fertilization marks the beginning of embryonic development, leading to the formation of a new organism.
Q43. Which of the following is a male secondary sexual characteristic?
a) Enlarged breasts
b) Widened hips
c) Deeper voice
d) Menstruation
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Deeper voice
Explanation: Secondary sexual characteristics are physical traits that develop during puberty and are associated with sexual maturity but are not directly involved in reproduction. In males, a deeper voice is a secondary sexual characteristic caused by the enlargement of the larynx (Adam’s apple) and thickening of the vocal cords due to increased testosterone levels.
Q44. What is the term for the release of an egg from the ovary?
a) Menstruation
b) Ovulation
c) Fertilization
d) Implantation
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Ovulation
Explanation: Ovulation is the process where a mature egg (ovum) is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube, making it available for fertilization by sperm. This typically occurs midway through the menstrual cycle, around day 14 in a 28-day cycle, and is triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH).
Q45. Which of the following is NOT a method of asexual reproduction?
a) Binary fission
b) Budding
c) Spore formation
d) Internal fertilization
Show Answer
Correct Answer: d) Internal fertilization
Explanation: Internal fertilization is a method of sexual reproduction where fertilization occurs inside the body of the organism, typically in terrestrial or semi-aquatic environments. It involves the direct transfer of sperm from the male to the female reproductive tract. In contrast, the other options listed are methods of asexual reproduction commonly observed in various organisms.
Q46. In which part of the male reproductive system are sperm stored and matured?
a) Epididymis
b) Seminal vesicles
c) Prostate gland
d) Vas deferens
Show Answer
Correct Answer: a) Epididymis
Explanation: The epididymis is a coiled tube located on the surface of each testis in the male reproductive system. It serves as a site for sperm storage and maturation. Sperm produced in the testes travel through the epididymis, where they gain motility and become capable of fertilizing an egg.
Q47. Which of the following statements about sexual reproduction is true?
a) It produces genetically identical offspring.
b) It requires only one parent.
c) It involves the fusion of gametes.
d) It occurs exclusively in mammals.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) It involves the fusion of gametes.
Explanation: Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of specialized reproductive cells called gametes, typically a sperm and an egg. This process results in the formation of genetically diverse offspring with unique combinations of genetic material from both parents. It is common in both plants and animals.
Q48. What is the function of the acrosome in sperm?
a) Provides energy for motility
b) Protects the DNA
c) Contains enzymes for penetrating the egg
d) Synthesizes hormones
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Contains enzymes for penetrating the egg
Explanation: The acrosome is a specialized structure located at the tip of the sperm cell’s head. It contains digestive enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the outer layer of the egg during fertilization. These enzymes break down the protective barriers surrounding the egg, allowing the sperm to reach and fertilize it.
Q49. What is the name of the process where the outer layer of the uterine wall is shed during menstruation?
a) Ovulation
b) Fertilization
c) Menstruation
d) Implantation
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Menstruation
Explanation: Menstruation is the process where the thickened lining of the uterus (endometrium) is shed along with blood through the vagina. This occurs approximately every 28 days in females who are not pregnant and marks the end of the menstrual cycle if fertilization and implantation do not occur.
Q50. Which of the following is a male reproductive hormone?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) Testosterone
d) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Testosterone
Explanation: Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. It is produced primarily in the testes and plays crucial roles in sperm production, libido, muscle mass, and bone density.