Q41. Which of the following respiratory disorders is characterized by an exaggerated response of the airways to certain triggers, leading to narrowing and inflammation?
a) Asthma
b) Bronchitis
c) Pneumonia
d) Pulmonary fibrosis
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Correct Answer: a) Asthma
Explanation: Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and constriction of the airways in response to triggers such as allergens, exercise, or respiratory infections. This leads to symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing.
Q42. Which of the following respiratory disorders is caused by infection with a bacterium, virus, or fungus, leading to inflammation of the lung tissue?
a) Asthma
b) Bronchitis
c) Pneumonia
d) Tuberculosis
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Correct Answer: c) Pneumonia
Explanation: Pneumonia is a respiratory infection characterized by inflammation of the lung tissue, typically caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Symptoms include fever, cough, difficulty breathing, and chest pain.
Q43. What is the term for the exchange of gases between the blood and the body’s tissues?
a) External respiration
b) Internal respiration
c) Cellular respiration
d) Pulmonary respiration
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Correct Answer: b) Internal respiration
Explanation: Internal respiration refers to the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood in the systemic capillaries and the body’s tissues. Oxygen is released from the blood and carbon dioxide is absorbed by the blood for transport back to the lungs.
Q44. Which of the following statements about lung compliance is true?
a) Lung compliance decreases with age
b) Lung compliance is a measure of lung stiffness
c) Lung compliance is increased in diseases like emphysema
d) Lung compliance is unaffected by lung volume
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Correct Answer: c) Lung compliance is increased in diseases like emphysema
Explanation: Lung compliance is a measure of the ease with which the lungs can expand and contract. It is decreased in conditions like fibrosis and pulmonary edema, but increased in diseases like emphysema where lung tissue becomes less elastic.
Q45. What is the term for the process of removing carbon dioxide from the bloodstream and releasing it into the air?
a) External respiration
b) Internal respiration
c) Cellular respiration
d) Pulmonary respiration
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Correct Answer: a) External respiration
Explanation: External respiration refers to the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the air in the alveoli of the lungs and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries. This process ensures oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal from the bloodstream.
Q46. Which of the following statements about respiratory alkalosis is true?
a) It is characterized by low blood pH
b) It is caused by hypoventilation
c) It can result from hyperventilation
d) It is treated with increased carbon dioxide levels
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Correct Answer: c) It can result from hyperventilation
Explanation: Respiratory alkalosis is a condition characterized by high blood pH (alkalosis) due to excessive elimination of carbon dioxide through hyperventilation. It can be caused by factors such as anxiety, fever, or mechanical ventilation.
Q47. Which of the following statements about the respiratory system’s role in acid-base balance is true?
a) Exhalation removes carbon dioxide, which increases blood pH
b) Inhalation adds carbon dioxide to the bloodstream, which decreases blood pH
c) Hypoventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis
d) The respiratory system primarily regulates blood pH through the excretion of bicarbonate ions
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Correct Answer: b) Inhalation adds carbon dioxide to the bloodstream, which decreases blood pH
Explanation: Inhalation brings oxygen into the body and adds carbon dioxide to the bloodstream, which can decrease blood pH. Exhalation removes carbon dioxide, helping to regulate blood pH by maintaining appropriate levels of bicarbonate ions.
Q48. Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?
a) Gas exchange
b) Acid-base balance regulation
c) Blood clotting
d) Vocalization
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Correct Answer: c) Blood clotting
Explanation: The respiratory system is primarily responsible for gas exchange, regulation of acid-base balance through the elimination of carbon dioxide, and vocalization through the manipulation of airflow across the vocal cords. Blood clotting is not a function of the respiratory system.
Q49. What is the term for the volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum exhalation?
a) Tidal volume
b) Inspiratory reserve volume
c) Expiratory reserve volume
d) Residual volume
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Correct Answer: d) Residual volume
Explanation: Residual volume is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum exhalation. It helps maintain lung elasticity and prevents lung collapse.
Q50. Which of the following structures is responsible for regulating airflow into the lungs and producing sound?
a) Pharynx
b) Larynx
c) Trachea
d) Bronchi
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Correct Answer: b) Larynx
Explanation: The larynx, also known as the voice box, is responsible for regulating airflow into the lungs and producing sound through the vibration of vocal cords. It also helps prevent food and liquid from entering the airway during swallowing.