Q31. Which of the following animals has a respiratory system consisting of gills?
a) Fish
b) Frog
c) Bird
d) Dog
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Correct Answer: a) Fish
Explanation: Fish have a respiratory system that primarily consists of gills, which are specialized organs for gas exchange in aquatic environments. Gills extract dissolved oxygen from water and release carbon dioxide.
Q32. Which respiratory disorder is characterized by temporary cessation of breathing during sleep?
a) Sleep apnea
b) Asthma
c) Bronchitis
d) Pneumonia
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Correct Answer: a) Sleep apnea
Explanation: Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or shallow breathing during sleep. It can lead to poor sleep quality, daytime fatigue, and other health complications if left untreated.
Q33. Which of the following structures is NOT part of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?
a) Bronchioles
b) Alveoli
c) Trachea
d) Bronchi
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Correct Answer: b) Alveoli
Explanation: The conducting zone of the respiratory system consists of airways that conduct air into and out of the lungs but do not participate in gas exchange. Alveoli are part of the respiratory zone where gas exchange occurs.
and airway inflammation?
a) Asthma
b) Bronchitis
c) Pneumonia
d) Emphysema
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Correct Answer: a) Asthma
Explanation: Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and constriction of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. It is often triggered by allergens, exercise, or respiratory infections.
Q35. Which of the following statements about respiration in plants is true?
a) Plants take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide during photosynthesis
b) Respiration in plants only occurs during the day
c) Plants produce oxygen as a byproduct of respiration
d) Respiration in plants occurs in the chloroplasts
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Correct Answer: c) Plants produce oxygen as a byproduct of respiration
Explanation: During respiration in plants, oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released, similar to animals. However, during photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen as a byproduct.
Q36. What is the name of the process by which oxygen is transported from the bloodstream to cells throughout the body?
a) External respiration
b) Internal respiration
c) Cellular respiration
d) Pulmonary respiration
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Correct Answer: b) Internal respiration
Explanation: Internal respiration is the process by which oxygen is transported from the bloodstream to cells throughout the body. This oxygen is then utilized by cells for cellular respiration to produce energy.
Q37. Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is true?
a) It only occurs in plants
b) It produces oxygen as a byproduct
c) It occurs in the cytoplasm of cells
d) It generates energy in the form of ATP
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Correct Answer: d) It generates energy in the form of ATP
Explanation: Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP, the primary energy currency of the cell. It occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.
Q38. What is the name of the specialized cells in the lungs responsible for producing surfactant, a substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli?
a) Ciliated cells
b) Type I alveolar cells
c) Type II alveolar cells
d) Macrophages
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Correct Answer: c) Type II alveolar cells
Explanation: Type II alveolar cells, also known as surfactant-producing cells, secrete surfactant, a lipoprotein mixture that reduces surface tension in the alveoli. This prevents the collapse of alveoli during exhalation and helps maintain lung function.
Q39. Which of the following factors increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?
a) Decreased pH
b) Increased temperature
c) Decreased carbon dioxide levels
d) Increased 2,3-BPG levels
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Correct Answer: c) Decreased carbon dioxide levels
Explanation: Decreased carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, promoting oxygen binding and uptake in the lungs. Conversely, increased carbon dioxide levels decrease hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen.
Q40. Which of the following respiratory disorders is caused by exposure to airborne irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, or occupational hazards?
a) Asthma
b) Bronchitis
c) Pneumonia
d) Occupational lung disease
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Correct Answer: d) Occupational lung disease
Explanation: Occupational lung diseases, such as occupational asthma or pneumoconiosis, are caused by exposure to airborne irritants or hazardous substances in the workplace. These conditions can lead to inflammation, scarring, and respiratory impairment.