Q21. What is the name of the process where oxygen is transported from the lungs to the body’s tissues?
a) Inhalation
b) External respiration
c) Internal respiration
d) Cellular respiration
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Correct Answer: c) Internal respiration
Explanation: Internal respiration is the process by which oxygen is transported from the lungs to the body’s tissues via the bloodstream. This oxygen is then utilized by cells for cellular respiration to produce energy.
Q22. Which of the following statements about respiratory pigments is true?
a) They are found only in humans
b) They transport carbon dioxide in the bloodstream
c) They increase oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
d) They are produced in the liver
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Correct Answer: c) They increase oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
Explanation: Respiratory pigments, such as hemoglobin in humans, increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood by binding to oxygen in the lungs and releasing it to tissues where it is needed for cellular respiration.
Q23. Which respiratory disorder is characterized by fluid accumulation in the air sacs of the lungs, leading to difficulty breathing?
a) Asthma
b) Bronchitis
c) Pneumonia
d) Emphysema
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Correct Answer: c) Pneumonia
Explanation: Pneumonia is a respiratory infection characterized by inflammation and fluid buildup in the air sacs of the lungs (alveoli). This can cause symptoms such as fever, cough, difficulty breathing, and chest pain.
Q24. Which of the following organisms does NOT require oxygen for respiration?
a) Obligate anaerobes
b) Facultative anaerobes
c) Obligate aerobes
d) Microaerophiles
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Correct Answer: a) Obligate anaerobes
Explanation: Obligate anaerobes are organisms that do not require oxygen for respiration and may even be harmed by its presence. They typically carry out anaerobic respiration or fermentation to produce energy.
Q25. Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for warming, humidifying, and filtering incoming air?
a) Pharynx
b) Trachea
c) Nasal cavity
d) Larynx
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Correct Answer: c) Nasal cavity
Explanation: The nasal cavity contains mucous membranes and tiny hair-like structures called cilia, which help to warm, humidify, and filter incoming air before it reaches the lungs. This helps to protect the respiratory system from harmful particles and pathogens.
Q26. Which of the following is NOT a component of the upper respiratory tract?
a) Larynx
b) Nasal cavity
c) Pharynx
d) Trachea
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Correct Answer: d) Trachea
Explanation: The trachea, also known as the windpipe, is part of the lower respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx.
Q27. What is the term for the process of gas exchange between air in the alveoli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries?
a) External respiration
b) Internal respiration
c) Cellular respiration
d) Pulmonary respiration
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Correct Answer: a) External respiration
Explanation: External respiration refers to the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the air in the alveoli of the lungs and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries. This process ensures oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal from the bloodstream.
Q28. Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects respiratory rate?
a) Altitude
b) Temperature
c) Age
d) Blood glucose levels
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Correct Answer: d) Blood glucose levels
Explanation: Blood glucose levels do not directly affect respiratory rate. Factors such as altitude, temperature, age, physical activity, and emotional state can influence the rate and depth of breathing.
Q29. Which respiratory disorder is characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction and destruction of lung tissue?
a) Asthma
b) Bronchitis
c) Pneumonia
d) Emphysema
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Correct Answer: d) Emphysema
Explanation: Emphysema is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by the progressive destruction of lung tissue and irreversible airflow obstruction. It is often associated with long-term smoking and leads to difficulty breathing and decreased exercise tolerance.
Q30. What is the term for the process of breathing out air from the lungs?
a) Inhalation
b) Exhalation
c) Respiration
d) Ventilation
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Correct Answer: b) Exhalation
Explanation: Exhalation, also known as expiration, is the process of breathing out air from the lungs. It involves the relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, causing the thoracic cavity to decrease in volume and expel air from the lungs.