Q16. Which of the following is a disadvantage of solar energy?
a) Intermittency
b) Pollution
c) High maintenance cost
d) Limited availability
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Correct Answer: a) Intermittency
Explanation: Solar energy generation is intermittent and dependent on sunlight, making it less reliable for meeting electricity demand compared to fossil fuel power plants, which can operate continuously.
Q17. What is the term for the phenomenon where sunlight is converted directly into electricity by certain materials?
a) Photovoltaic effect
b) Solar thermal conversion
c) Electromagnetic radiation
d) Solar irradiance
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Correct Answer: a) Photovoltaic effect
Explanation: The photovoltaic effect is the process by which certain materials, such as silicon in solar panels, generate electricity when exposed to sunlight, converting photons into electrons.
Q18. Which organization provides certifications for solar panel manufacturers based on product quality and performance standards?
a) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
b) International Energy Agency (IEA)
c) Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA)
d) Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
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Correct Answer: d) Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
Explanation: Underwriters Laboratories (UL) is a global safety certification organization that provides certifications for solar panel manufacturers, ensuring that products meet industry standards for quality and performance.
Q19. What is the term for the rate at which solar energy is incident upon a surface?
a) Solar intensity
b) Solar irradiance
c) Solar insolation
d) Solar flux
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Correct Answer: b) Solar irradiance
Explanation: Solar irradiance refers to the power per unit area of solar radiation incident upon a surface, typically measured in watts per square meter (W/m²), and is a key factor in determining the potential output of solar power systems.
Q20. Which of the following factors can affect the efficiency of solar panels?
a) Shade
b) Dust and dirt accumulation
c) Temperature
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Shade, dust and dirt accumulation, and temperature fluctuations can all negatively impact the efficiency of solar panels by reducing sunlight exposure, obstructing light absorption, and affecting the performance of photovoltaic cells.