Q101. How does tidal energy primarily generate electricity?
a) Harnessing wind power
b) Extracting heat from the ocean
c) Utilizing tidal currents and waves
d) Using solar panels on water surfaces
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Correct Answer: c) Utilizing tidal currents and waves
Explanation: Tidal energy is generated by harnessing the kinetic energy of tidal currents and the potential energy of tidal waves. Specialized turbines are placed underwater to capture the movement of water caused by the gravitational forces of the moon and the sun, converting it into electricity.
Q102. Which of the following is a renewable energy source utilized in tidal energy generation?
a) Coal
b) Natural gas
c) Tides
d) Petroleum
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Correct Answer: c) Tides
Explanation: Tidal energy relies on the natural motion of tides, which are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun on the Earth’s oceans. Since tides are continuously generated by celestial forces, tidal energy is considered a renewable energy source.
Q103. What is the term for the difference in height between high tide and low tide?
a) Tidal amplitude
b) Tidal range
c) Tidal frequency
d) Tidal period
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Correct Answer: b) Tidal range
Explanation: Tidal range refers to the vertical difference in water level between high tide and low tide at a particular location. It is an important factor in determining the potential energy available for tidal energy generation.
Q104. Which technology is used to convert tidal energy into electricity?
a) Solar panels
b) Wind turbines
c) Tidal barrages
d) Geothermal plants
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Correct Answer: c) Tidal barrages
Explanation: Tidal barrages are structures built across estuaries or bays to capture and store tidal energy. As the tide flows in and out, it turns turbines installed within the barrage, generating electricity through mechanical energy conversion.
Q105. Which environmental impact is associated with tidal barrage systems?
a) Habitat destruction
b) Air pollution
c) Noise pollution
d) Water scarcity
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Correct Answer: a) Habitat destruction
Explanation: Tidal barrage systems can lead to habitat destruction and alteration of estuarine ecosystems. The construction of barrages may disrupt natural tidal flow patterns, affect marine biodiversity, and impact fish migration routes, resulting in ecological disturbances.
Q106. Which country has one of the largest tidal energy projects in the world called the “Severn Barrage”?
a) United States
b) China
c) United Kingdom
d) Japan
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Correct Answer: c) United Kingdom
Explanation: The United Kingdom has proposed the construction of the Severn Barrage, one of the largest tidal energy projects in the world. It aims to harness the tidal range of the Severn Estuary to generate significant amounts of renewable electricity.
Q107. What is the primary advantage of tidal energy compared to other renewable energy sources?
a) Predictability
b) Scalability
c) Affordability
d) Portability
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Correct Answer: a) Predictability
Explanation: Tidal energy is highly predictable, as tidal patterns are influenced by gravitational forces from the moon and the sun, which follow regular cycles. This predictability makes tidal energy a reliable and consistent source of renewable electricity.
Q108. Which environmental benefit does tidal energy offer compared to fossil fuels?
a) Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
b) Decreased land degradation
c) Minimal water usage
d) Low visual impact
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Correct Answer: a) Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
Explanation: Tidal energy generation produces minimal greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuel-based power generation. By utilizing the natural motion of tides, tidal energy contributes to reducing carbon dioxide and other pollutants in the atmosphere.
Q109. What is the term for the technology that utilizes the rise and fall of tides to generate electricity?
a) Tidal energy conversion
b) Tidal power extraction
c) Tidal turbine operation
d) Tidal barrage deployment
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Correct Answer: a) Tidal energy conversion
Explanation: Tidal energy conversion refers to the process of harnessing the kinetic and potential energy of tidal movements to generate electricity. This involves various technologies such as tidal barrages, tidal stream systems, and tidal fences.
Q110. Which type of tidal energy technology involves underwater turbines installed on the seabed?
a) Tidal barrages
b) Tidal fences
c) Tidal stream systems
d) Tidal lagoons
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Correct Answer: c) Tidal stream systems
Explanation: Tidal stream systems utilize underwater turbines or turbines mounted on the seabed to capture the kinetic energy of tidal currents. These turbines are positioned in areas with strong tidal flows to maximize energy production.
Q111. What is the primary source of energy utilized in Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)?
a) Solar radiation
b) Geothermal heat
c) Tidal energy
d) Wave energy
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Correct Answer: a) Solar radiation
Explanation: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) utilizes the temperature difference between warm surface waters and cold deep waters of the ocean, which is driven by solar radiation. Solar energy heats the surface water, creating a temperature gradient that can be exploited for energy conversion.
Q112. Which part of the ocean does Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) primarily rely on?
a) Surface layer
b) Thermocline
c) Deep ocean
d) Tidal zone
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Correct Answer: b) Thermocline
Explanation: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) relies on the temperature difference between warm surface waters and cold deep waters, which is most pronounced across the thermocline – a steep gradient layer separating the warm upper layer from the colder deep layer.
Q113. What is the term for the process of using temperature gradients in ocean waters to produce electricity?
a) Oceanic heating
b) Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
c) Subsea energy generation
d) Marine thermal harvesting
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Correct Answer: b) Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
Explanation: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is the process of utilizing the temperature difference between warm surface waters and cold deep waters of the ocean to produce electricity. It harnesses the thermal energy stored in ocean waters for sustainable power generation.
Q114. Which of the following substances is commonly used as a working fluid in Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) systems?
a) Water
b) Methane
c) Ammonia
d) Carbon dioxide
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Correct Answer: c) Ammonia
Explanation: Ammonia is commonly used as a working fluid in Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) systems. It has favorable thermodynamic properties, including a low boiling point and high latent heat, making it suitable for efficient energy conversion in OTEC power plants.
Q115. Which factor limits the efficiency of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) systems?
a) Corrosion
b) Water depth
c) Ocean currents
d) Temperature gradient
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Correct Answer: d) Temperature gradient
Explanation: The efficiency of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) systems is limited by the temperature gradient between warm surface waters and cold deep waters. A larger temperature difference results in higher efficiency, but OTEC systems may struggle in regions with shallow thermoclines.