Q86. Which type of geothermal energy system pumps water or a heat transfer fluid through underground reservoirs to extract heat?
a) Binary cycle
b) Dry steam
c) Flash steam
d) Enhanced geothermal systems
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Correct Answer: a) Binary cycle
Explanation: Binary cycle geothermal power plants pump water or a heat transfer fluid through underground reservoirs, where the fluid absorbs heat from the hot rock formations. The heated fluid is then used to vaporize a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point, driving turbines to generate electricity.
Q87. What environmental impact is associated with geothermal energy extraction?
a) Air pollution
b) Soil erosion
c) Deforestation
d) Greenhouse gas emissions
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Correct Answer: d) Greenhouse gas emissions
Explanation: Geothermal energy extraction has minimal greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuel-based power generation. While some emissions may occur from geothermal fluids, they are significantly lower than those from burning fossil fuels.
Q88. Which geological feature is commonly associated with the presence of geothermal resources?
a) Volcanoes
b) Mountains
c) Deserts
d) Rivers
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Correct Answer: a) Volcanoes
Explanation: Volcanic regions often have geothermal resources due to the proximity of magma chambers and the associated heat transfer from the Earth’s mantle to the surface. Volcanic activity creates conditions conducive to the formation of geothermal reservoirs.
Q89. Which type of geothermal energy system involves injecting water into hot rock formations to create fractures for heat extraction?
a) Binary cycle
b) Dry steam
c) Flash steam
d) Enhanced geothermal systems
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Correct Answer: d) Enhanced geothermal systems
Explanation: Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) involve injecting water or other fluids into hot rock formations deep underground to create fractures and enhance heat extraction. EGS technology expands the potential for geothermal energy generation beyond naturally occurring hydrothermal reservoirs.
Q90. What is the term for the process of using geothermal energy for both heating and cooling applications in buildings?
a) Geothermal power generation
b) Geothermal heat pump
c) Geothermal drilling
d) Geothermal reservoir management
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Correct Answer: b) Geothermal heat pump
Explanation: Geothermal heat pumps use the constant temperature of the Earth below the surface to provide both heating and cooling for buildings. These systems transfer heat between the building and the ground through a series of pipes and a heat exchanger.