Q66. What is the term for the decay of organic matter in the absence of oxygen, resulting in the production of methane-rich biogas?
a) Combustion
b) Anaerobic digestion
c) Fermentation
d) Pyrolysis
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Correct Answer: b) Anaerobic digestion
Explanation: Anaerobic digestion is the biological process in which microorganisms break down organic matter in the absence of oxygen, producing methane-rich biogas as a byproduct. This process is commonly used in biogas plants to generate renewable energy from organic waste.
Q67. Which biomass feedstock is commonly used to produce ethanol fuel?
a) Wood
b) Algae
c) Corn
d) Animal manure
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Correct Answer: c) Corn
Explanation: Corn is a common biomass feedstock used in the production of ethanol fuel through fermentation. Ethanol can be blended with gasoline to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels in the transportation sector.
Q68. What environmental benefit does biomass energy offer compared to fossil fuels?
a) Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
b) Lower water usage
c) Decreased land degradation
d) Minimal air pollution
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Correct Answer: a) Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
Explanation: Biomass energy offers the environmental benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels. While biomass combustion does release carbon dioxide, it is considered carbon-neutral because the carbon emitted is offset by the carbon absorbed during the growth of biomass feedstocks.
Q69. Which type of biomass energy system involves burning organic matter to produce heat?
a) Biogas
b) Biodiesel
c) Biomass boiler
d) Bioethanol plant
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Correct Answer: c) Biomass boiler
Explanation: Biomass boilers burn organic matter such as wood chips, pellets, or agricultural residues to produce heat for space heating, water heating, or industrial processes. This process is a common application of biomass energy in residential, commercial, and industrial settings.
Q70. What is the primary advantage of using biomass energy for electricity generation?
a) Reduced dependence on imports
b) Cost competitiveness
c) Scalability
d) High energy density
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Correct Answer: a) Reduced dependence on imports
Explanation: Biomass energy can reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels for electricity generation by utilizing locally available biomass resources. This enhances energy security and reduces vulnerability to international energy market fluctuations.