Q46. Which country is the largest producer of hydropower in the world?
a) China
b) United States
c) Brazil
d) Canada
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Correct Answer: a) China
Explanation: China is the largest producer of hydropower in the world, with an extensive network of dams and hydropower plants contributing significantly to its electricity generation capacity.
Q47. What environmental impact is associated with large-scale hydropower projects?
a) Air pollution
b) Soil erosion
c) Deforestation
d) Greenhouse gas emissions
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Correct Answer: c) Deforestation
Explanation: Large-scale hydropower projects often require the flooding of large areas, leading to deforestation. This can have significant environmental impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity.
Q48. Which type of hydropower plant has the potential to generate electricity continuously?
a) Run-of-the-river
b) Reservoir
c) Tidal
d) Pumped-storage
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Correct Answer: d) Pumped-storage
Explanation: Pumped-storage hydropower plants have the ability to store excess energy by pumping water uphill during periods of low demand and release it downhill to generate electricity during peak demand, allowing for continuous electricity generation.
Q49. What is the term for the difference in height between the water source and the turbine in a hydropower plant?
a) Potential energy
b) Kinetic energy
c) Head
d) Pressure
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Correct Answer: c) Head
Explanation: In hydropower generation, the term “head” refers to the vertical distance between the water source (such as a reservoir or river) and the turbine. It determines the potential energy available to generate electricity.
Q50. Which environmental factor can affect the efficiency of hydropower generation?
a) Wind speed
b) Temperature
c) Humidity
d) Water flow rate
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Correct Answer: d) Water flow rate
Explanation: The efficiency of hydropower generation is significantly influenced by the flow rate of water. Higher flow rates typically result in increased electricity generation, while lower flow rates can reduce efficiency.