Q41. Which of the following is a characteristic of bitumen?
a) It is a light, volatile liquid
b) It is highly flammable
c) It is a thick, sticky form of petroleum
d) It is used as a fuel in jet engines
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Correct Answer: c) It is a thick, sticky form of petroleum
Explanation: Bitumen is a thick, sticky form of petroleum that is used in road construction and roofing due to its waterproofing and adhesive properties.
Q42. What is the primary reason for the decline in the use of coal in power generation?
a) Coal reserves have been completely depleted
b) Coal is the most expensive fossil fuel
c) Coal produces high levels of pollutants
d) Coal has the lowest energy content
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Correct Answer: c) Coal produces high levels of pollutants
Explanation: The primary reason for the decline in the use of coal in power generation is its high levels of pollutants, including carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, which contribute to environmental and health issues.
Q43. Which of the following is a use of white spirit, a petroleum-derived solvent?
a) As a food preservative
b) In paint thinners and cleaning agents
c) As a cooking fuel
d) In pharmaceuticals
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Correct Answer: b) In paint thinners and cleaning agents
Explanation: White spirit is commonly used as a solvent in paint thinners, cleaning agents, and degreasers due to its ability to dissolve oils, greases, and other substances.
Q44. What is the primary use of petroleum coke, a byproduct of petroleum refining?
a) As a food additive
b) As a lightweight construction material
c) As a fuel in industrial processes
d) In the production of batteries
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Correct Answer: c) As a fuel in industrial processes
Explanation: Petroleum coke is a carbon-rich solid material that is derived from oil refinery coker units or other cracking processes. It is primarily used as a fuel in industrial processes due to its high calorific value.
Q45. Which of the following is not a characteristic of biodiesel?
a) It is derived from vegetable oils or animal fats
b) It can be used in conventional diesel engines
c) It has a higher energy content than petroleum diesel
d) It is biodegradable and non-toxic
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Correct Answer: c) It has a higher energy content than petroleum diesel
Explanation: Biodiesel actually has a slightly lower energy content than petroleum diesel. However, it is derived from renewable sources like vegetable oils or animal fats, can be used in conventional diesel engines, and is biodegradable and non-toxic.
Q46. What is the main environmental advantage of using ethanol as a fuel additive?
a) It increases greenhouse gas emissions
b) It reduces the octane rating of gasoline
c) It decreases the biodegradability of fuel
d) It reduces the overall carbon footprint of fuel
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Correct Answer: d) It reduces the overall carbon footprint of fuel
Explanation: Ethanol, when used as a fuel additive, can reduce the overall carbon footprint of fuel because it is produced from biomass, which absorbs carbon dioxide during its growth, offsetting the emissions from combustion.
Q47. Which of the following is a common use of greases in industrial applications?
a) As a decorative coating
b) As a fuel source
c) As a lubricant for bearings and joints
d) As a cleaning agent
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Correct Answer: c) As a lubricant for bearings and joints
Explanation: Greases are used as lubricants in industrial applications for bearings, joints, and other components where a semi-solid lubricant is preferable for maintaining lubrication over extended periods under harsh conditions.
Q48. What is the primary function of fuel additives in petroleum products?
a) To decrease the efficiency of fuel
b) To increase the production cost of fuel
c) To improve the performance and longevity of engines
d) To reduce the energy content of fuel
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Correct Answer: c) To improve the performance and longevity of engines
Explanation: Fuel additives are chemicals added to petroleum products to improve the performance and longevity of engines by enhancing fuel properties such as octane rating, reducing engine deposits, and improving combustion.
Q49. Which of the following is not a typical use of naphthenic oils?
a) In electrical insulators
b) As a refrigerant
c) In the production of tires
d) As a component in inks and adhesives
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Correct Answer: b) As a refrigerant
Explanation: Naphthenic oils are not typically used as refrigerants. They are used in electrical insulators due to their dielectric properties, in the production of tires, and as components in inks, adhesives, and rubber products.
Q50. What is the primary challenge associated with the use of hydrogen as a fuel?
a) It is highly abundant and easy to store
b) It has a low energy content per unit volume
c) It produces harmful emissions when burned
d) It is too expensive to produce
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) It has a low energy content per unit volume
Explanation: The primary challenge associated with the use of hydrogen as a fuel is its low energy content per unit volume, which makes storage and transportation more difficult compared to other fuels. However, when burned, hydrogen produces water as the only emission, making it a clean energy source.