Q11. Which of the following industries heavily relies on petroleum products as a raw material?
a) Textile industry
b) Petrochemical industry
c) Information technology industry
d) Education sector
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Correct Answer: b) Petrochemical industry
Explanation: The petrochemical industry heavily relies on petroleum products as raw materials for producing various chemicals and synthetic materials, including plastics, fertilizers, and synthetic fibers.
Q12. What is the process of converting crude oil into useful petroleum products called?
a) Combustion
b) Refining
c) Extraction
d) Mining
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Correct Answer: b) Refining
Explanation: Refining is the process of converting crude oil into useful petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, through various physical and chemical processes in a refinery.
Q13. Which petroleum product is used as a fuel for jet engines in the aviation industry?
a) Gasoline
b) Diesel
c) Kerosene-based jet fuel
d) Lubricating oil
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Correct Answer: c) Kerosene-based jet fuel
Explanation: Kerosene-based jet fuel, also known as aviation turbine fuel (ATF), is specifically formulated for use in aircraft jet engines due to its high energy content and ability to remain fluid at low temperatures.
Q14. What is the primary environmental benefit of using natural gas over coal?
a) Natural gas releases more carbon dioxide
b) Natural gas is a renewable resource
c) Natural gas releases fewer pollutants when burned
d) Natural gas extraction is less harmful to ecosystems
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Correct Answer: c) Natural gas releases fewer pollutants when burned
Explanation: Natural gas, when burned, releases fewer pollutants and greenhouse gases compared to coal, making it a relatively cleaner fossil fuel option for power generation.
Q15. Which process in petroleum refining involves the removal of sulfur from petroleum products?
a) Catalytic reforming
b) Alkylation
c) Fractional distillation
d) Hydrodesulfurization
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Correct Answer: d) Hydrodesulfurization
Explanation: Hydrodesulfurization is a chemical process used in petroleum refining to remove sulfur compounds from petroleum products, which helps in reducing sulfur dioxide emissions when these products are burned.
Q16. What is the primary component of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)?
a) Methane
b) Ethane
c) Propane and butane
d) Hexane
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Correct Answer: c) Propane and butane
Explanation: Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) primarily consists of propane and butane, which are gaseous at atmospheric pressure but can be liquefied under pressure for easy storage and transport.
Q17. Which of the following is a renewable alternative to petroleum-based fuels?
a) Coal
b) Natural gas
c) Biofuels
d) Nuclear energy
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Correct Answer: c) Biofuels
Explanation: Biofuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel, are renewable alternatives to petroleum-based fuels. They are produced from biological materials like plants and can help reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
Q18. What is the significance of the octane rating in gasoline?
a) It indicates the color of the gasoline
b) It measures the fuel’s resistance to knocking
c) It determines the sulfur content of the gasoline
d) It reflects the viscosity of the gasoline
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Correct Answer: b) It measures the fuel’s resistance to knocking
Explanation: The octane rating of gasoline measures the fuel’s resistance to knocking or pinging during combustion, which is important for the efficient operation of an engine.
Q19. Which of the following is not a typical use of petroleum jelly?
a) Moisturizing skin
b) Lubricating machinery
c) Fueling vehicles
d) Healing minor cuts and burns
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Correct Answer: c) Fueling vehicles
Explanation: Petroleum jelly, also known as Vaseline, is not used for fueling vehicles. It is commonly used for moisturizing skin, lubricating machinery, and healing minor cuts and burns.
Q20. What is the primary source of the natural gas used as a fuel?
a) Biomass decomposition
b) Petroleum refining
c) Fossil fuel extraction
d) Agricultural waste
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Correct Answer: c) Fossil fuel extraction
Explanation: Natural gas is primarily sourced from the extraction of fossil fuels, where it is found in underground reservoirs, often alongside oil or coal deposits.
Q21. Which of the following is a measure to mitigate the environmental impact of petroleum products?
a) Increasing the use of single-use plastics
b) Promoting the use of renewable energy sources
c) Expanding urban sprawl
d) Encouraging deforestation
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Correct Answer: b) Promoting the use of renewable energy sources
Explanation: Promoting the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, can help mitigate the environmental impact of petroleum products by reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
Q22. What is the role of a catalytic converter in a vehicle?
a) To increase fuel efficiency
b) To reduce harmful emissions
c) To improve engine power
d) To decrease the noise of the exhaust system
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Correct Answer: b) To reduce harmful emissions
Explanation: A catalytic converter is a device installed in the exhaust system of a vehicle that reduces harmful emissions by converting pollutants into less harmful substances through catalytic reactions.
Q23. Which of the following is a common use of paraffin wax?
a) As a food additive
b) In making candles
c) As a refrigerant
d) In fueling jet engines
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Correct Answer: b) In making candles
Explanation: Paraffin wax is commonly used in making candles due to its excellent properties as a solid fuel and its ability to hold fragrances and dyes.
Q24. What is the primary environmental concern with the extraction of petroleum?
a) It increases soil fertility
b) It leads to water conservation
c) It can result in oil spills and habitat destruction
d) It promotes reforestation
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Correct Answer: c) It can result in oil spills and habitat destruction
Explanation: The extraction of petroleum can lead to environmental concerns such as oil spills, which can contaminate water bodies and soil, and habitat destruction, which can affect local ecosystems and wildlife.
Q25. Which of the following is not a form of renewable energy?
a) Solar power
b) Wind power
c) Petroleum
d) Hydroelectric power
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Correct Answer: c) Petroleum
Explanation: Petroleum is not a form of renewable energy; it is a non-renewable fossil fuel. Solar power, wind power, and hydroelectric power are all forms of renewable energy that can be replenished naturally.
Q26. What is the main purpose of using lubricating oils in machinery?
a) To increase friction
b) To decrease efficiency
c) To reduce wear and tear
d) To absorb heat
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Correct Answer: c) To reduce wear and tear
Explanation: Lubricating oils are used in machinery to reduce wear and tear by minimizing friction between moving parts, which also helps in improving efficiency and extending the life of the machinery.
Q27. Which of the following is a consequence of the greenhouse effect exacerbated by the use of fossil fuels?
a) Global cooling
b) Decreased sea levels
c) Increased biodiversity
d) Global warming
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Correct Answer: d) Global warming
Explanation: The greenhouse effect, exacerbated by the use of fossil fuels, leads to global warming as greenhouse gases trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, causing global temperatures to rise.
Q28. What is the process of transforming solid coal into a gaseous fuel called?
a) Coal liquefaction
b) Coal gasification
c) Carbon capture
d) Coal mining
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Correct Answer: b) Coal gasification
Explanation: Coal gasification is the process of converting solid coal into a gaseous fuel. This gas can be used for power generation or as a chemical feedstock, and it is a way to utilize coal more cleanly.
Q29. Which of the following is a use of diesel fuel?
a) In jet engines
b) In lighters
c) In heavy machinery and trucks
d) In cooking stoves
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Correct Answer: c) In heavy machinery and trucks
Explanation: Diesel fuel is commonly used in heavy machinery, trucks, and other large vehicles due to its high energy density and efficiency in powering diesel engines.
Q30. What is the primary challenge in replacing petroleum-based fuels with electric vehicles?
a) Electric vehicles are too fast
b) The lack of infrastructure for charging stations
c) Electric vehicles produce more emissions
d) Electric vehicles are too quiet
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) The lack of infrastructure for charging stations
Explanation: One of the primary challenges in replacing petroleum-based fuels with electric vehicles is the lack of widespread infrastructure for charging stations, which is necessary for the convenience and practicality of using electric vehicles.