Q11. Which animal adaptation aids in the digestion of tough plant material?
a) Long canine teeth
b) Complex stomachs
c) Acute vision
d) Webbed feet
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Correct Answer: b) Complex stomachs
Explanation: Many herbivorous animals have adapted complex stomachs for digesting tough plant material. For instance, ruminants like cows have a four-chambered stomach, which allows for effective breakdown and fermentation of cellulose from plants.
Q12. Which nutrient class provides the main energy source for many animals?
a) Proteins
b) Vitamins
c) Carbohydrates
d) Minerals
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Correct Answer: c) Carbohydrates
Explanation: Carbohydrates are the primary energy source for many animals. They are easily metabolizable and provide quick energy through the breakdown of sugars and starches. Carbohydrates are a vital part of a balanced diet for energy requirements.
Q13. An animal that preys on and eats other animals is known as
a) Herbivorous
b) Omnivorous
c) Carnivorous
d) Detritivorous
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Correct Answer: c) Carnivorous
Explanation: Carnivorous animals are those that prey on and eat other animals. They have specialized adaptations like sharp teeth and claws to hunt and consume animal flesh, which provides them with proteins and fats necessary for their nutrition.
Q14. The enzyme pepsin, found in the stomach, is primarily involved in the digestion of
a) Fats
b) Proteins
c) Carbohydrates
d) Nucleic acids
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Correct Answer: b) Proteins
Explanation: Pepsin is an enzyme found in the stomach that is specifically involved in the digestion of proteins. It breaks down proteins into smaller peptides, which are further digested in the small intestine.
Q15. What is the mode of nutrition in animals that feed on plant nectar?
a) Frugivorous
b) Nectivorous
c) Carnivorous
d) Folivorous
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Correct Answer: b) Nectivorous
Explanation: Nectivorous animals specialize in feeding on plant nectar. This group includes many species of birds, bats, and insects. They are adapted to extract nectar from flowers, often playing a role in pollination.
Q16. The primary role of bile in the digestive system is to
a) Digest carbohydrates
b) Break down proteins
c) Emulsify fats
d) Absorb vitamins
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Correct Answer: c) Emulsify fats
Explanation: Bile, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, plays a crucial role in the digestive system by emulsifying fats. This process breaks down large fat globules into smaller droplets, which are easier for enzymes to digest.
Q17. Animals that feed on insects are referred to as
a) Insectivorous
b) Herbivorous
c) Carnivorous
d) Omnivorous
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Correct Answer: a) Insectivorous
Explanation: Insectivorous animals specialize in feeding on insects. This diet is a form of carnivory, and these animals are equipped with adaptations that aid in the capture and digestion of insects.
Q18. The absorption of water and minerals typically occurs in which part of the digestive system in mammals?
a) Small intestine
b) Stomach
c) Large intestine
d) Esophagus
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Correct Answer: c) Large intestine
Explanation: In mammals, the large intestine is primarily responsible for the absorption of water and minerals. This process helps to form solid waste from the remaining indigestible food matter and maintain water balance in the body.
Q19. Which term describes animals that feed on both plants and meat?
a) Omnivorous
b) Herbivorous
c) Carnivorous
d) Detritivorous
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Correct Answer: a) Omnivorous
Explanation: Omnivorous animals have a diet that includes both plant and animal materials. This diverse diet allows them to adapt to various environments and obtain a range of nutrients from both sources.
Q20. In birds, the muscular stomach that grinds food is known as the
a) Gizzard
b) Crop
c) Rumen
d) Cecum
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Correct Answer: a) Gizzard
Explanation: The gizzard is a specialized, muscular part of the stomach in birds that grinds food into smaller particles. It often contains grit or small stones that the bird has swallowed, aiding in the mechanical breakdown of food.