Q1. What type of nutrition is found in animals that feed on plant and animal materials?
a) Herbivorous
b) Carnivorous
c) Omnivorous
d) Detritivorous
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Correct Answer: c) Omnivorous
Explanation: Omnivorous animals consume both plant and animal materials. This type of diet allows for a wide range of food sources, providing balanced nutrition from both the plant kingdom (like fruits, vegetables, grains) and the animal kingdom (like meat, fish, eggs).
Q2. Which process describes the physical and chemical breakdown of food in the body?
a) Respiration
b) Digestion
c) Excretion
d) Absorption
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Correct Answer: b) Digestion
Explanation: Digestion is the process that involves the physical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller components. This process is essential for making nutrients available for absorption and use by the body.
Q3. In ruminant animals, what is the first chamber of the stomach called, where microbial fermentation occurs?
a) Abomasum
b) Rumen
c) Reticulum
d) Omasum
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Correct Answer: b) Rumen
Explanation: The rumen is the first chamber in the stomach of ruminant animals like cows and sheep. It’s where microbial fermentation of ingested plant materials occurs, significantly aiding in the digestion of cellulose and other complex carbohydrates.
Q4. What type of feeder is an animal that feeds on dead and decaying organic matter?
a) Parasitic
b) Herbivorous
c) Carnivorous
d) Detritivorous
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Correct Answer: d) Detritivorous
Explanation: Detritivorous animals feed on dead and decaying organic matter, including fallen leaves, rotting wood, and other decomposing organic material. This type of feeding plays an important role in nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning.
Q5. The absorption of nutrients primarily occurs in which part of the digestive system in mammals?
a) Stomach
b) Small intestine
c) Large intestine
d) Esophagus
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Correct Answer: b) Small intestine
Explanation: In mammals, the small intestine is the primary site for the absorption of nutrients. Its highly folded surface increases the area for absorption, facilitating the efficient transfer of nutrients into the bloodstream.
Q6. What is the primary function of the enzyme amylase in animals?
a) Break down proteins
b) Break down fats
c) Break down carbohydrates
d) Break down nucleic acids
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Correct Answer: c) Break down carbohydrates
Explanation: Amylase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the digestive process by breaking down carbohydrates. It primarily acts on starches, converting them into simpler sugars like maltose, which can be easily absorbed.
Q7. An animal that primarily feeds on plants is referred to as
a) Carnivorous
b) Omnivorous
c) Herbivorous
d) Insectivorous
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Correct Answer: c) Herbivorous
Explanation: Herbivorous animals predominantly feed on plants. They have evolved digestive systems capable of handling plant materials, often including complex structures for breaking down cellulose.
Q8. What is the term used to describe animals that feed on blood from other animals?
a) Carnivorous
b) Herbivorous
c) Sanguivorous
d) Insectivorous
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Correct Answer: c) Sanguivorous
Explanation: Sanguivorous animals are specialized feeders that consume the blood of other animals. This type of feeding strategy is seen in certain species of bats, leeches, and insects like mosquitoes.
Q9. In the context of animal nutrition, symbiotic bacteria in the gut of some animals primarily help in
a) Producing vitamins
b) Digesting cellulose
c) Filtering waste products
d) Regulating body temperature
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Correct Answer: b) Digesting cellulose
Explanation: Symbiotic bacteria in the gut of some animals, especially herbivores, play a crucial role in digesting cellulose. These bacteria have enzymes that break down cellulose, aiding in the digestion of plant materials that the animal itself cannot digest.
Q10. The process of regurgitating and rechewing food for better digestion in some ruminants is called
a) Fermentation
b) Digestion
c) Ruminating
d) Coprophagy
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Correct Answer: c) Ruminating
Explanation: Ruminating is the process where some ruminants (like cows) regurgitate partially digested food from the rumen back into the mouth to chew it more thoroughly. This process helps in breaking down plant fibers and maximizing nutrient absorption.