Q41. Which type of hepatitis is primarily spread through consuming contaminated food or water?
a) Hepatitis A
b) Hepatitis B
c) Hepatitis C
d) Hepatitis D
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Correct Answer: a) Hepatitis A
Explanation: Hepatitis A is usually spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the virus. It’s a liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus and can range in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a severe illness lasting several months.
Q42. Celiac disease is a reaction to eating:
a) Sugar
b) Gluten
c) Dairy
d) Red meat
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Correct Answer: b) Gluten
Explanation: Celiac disease is a serious autoimmune disorder that can occur in genetically predisposed people where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.
Q43. Psoriasis is a skin condition that causes:
a) Hair loss
b) Excessive sweating
c) Itchy, scaly patches of skin
d) Freckles
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Correct Answer: c) Itchy, scaly patches of skin
Explanation: Psoriasis is a common skin condition that speeds up the life cycle of skin cells. It causes cells to build up rapidly on the surface of the skin, forming thick, silvery scales and itchy, dry, red patches that are sometimes painful.
Q44. Which disease is also known as Hansen’s disease?
a) Leprosy
b) Tuberculosis
c) Hepatitis B
d) Lyme disease
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Correct Answer: a) Leprosy
Explanation: Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease, is a long-term infection by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis. It can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose (nasal mucosa).
Q45. Goiter is primarily associated with the malfunctioning of which gland?
a) Pancreas
b) Thyroid
c) Adrenal
d) Pituitary
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Correct Answer: b) Thyroid
Explanation: A goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. While goiters are usually painless, a large goiter can cause a cough and make it difficult for you to swallow or breathe. The most common cause of goiters worldwide is a lack of iodine in the diet.
Q46. What is the main symptom of myocardial infarction (heart attack)?
a) Joint pain
b) Severe headache
c) Chest pain or discomfort
d) Numbness in limbs
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Correct Answer: c) Chest pain or discomfort
Explanation: The most common symptom of a heart attack is chest pain or discomfort. This may feel like pressure, tightness, pain, squeezing, or aching. Other symptoms can include shortness of breath, nausea, and light-headedness.
Q47. Which organ is affected by cirrhosis?
a) Heart
b) Liver
c) Kidneys
d) Lungs
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Correct Answer: b) Liver
Explanation: Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. Each time your liver is injured, it tries to repair itself, and in the process, scar tissue forms.
Q48. Conjunctivitis is an infection affecting the:
a) Ears
b) Eyes
c) Nose
d) Throat
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Correct Answer: b) Eyes
Explanation: Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an inflammation or infection of the outer membrane of the eyeball and the inner eyelid. It can cause redness, itching, and tearing of the eyes. It might feel like there’s something in the eye or it can be difficult to see in bright light.
Q49. The “Great Imitator” that can manifest in many symptoms and is difficult to diagnose is:
a) Diabetes
b) Lupus
c) Lyme disease
d) Multiple sclerosis
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Correct Answer: b) Lupus
Explanation: Lupus, a chronic autoimmune disease, is known as the “Great Imitator” because its symptoms can mimic many other illnesses. It can affect the joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart, and lungs.
Q50. What type of pathogen causes influenza (the flu)?
a) Bacteria
b) Virus
c) Fungus
d) Parasite
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Correct Answer: b) Virus
Explanation: Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is caused by viruses that infect the respiratory tract. The flu viruses are of three types: Influenza A, B, and C, with the first two being the most common in humans. It’s characterized by fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, and fatigue.