Q31. What is the primary cause of osteoarthritis?
a) Bacterial infection
b) Joint overuse and wear
c) Vitamin D deficiency
d) Autoimmune disorder
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Correct Answer: b) Joint overuse and wear
Explanation: Osteoarthritis is primarily caused by wear and tear on the joints over time, making it more common in older individuals. It’s characterized by the breakdown of joint cartilage and the underlying bone, leading to pain and stiffness, particularly in the hips, knees, and thumb joints.
Q32. Sickle Cell Disease affects:
a) The lungs
b) Red blood cells
c) The brain
d) The liver
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Correct Answer: b) Red blood cells
Explanation: Sickle Cell Disease is a group of disorders that affect hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells that delivers oxygen to cells throughout the body. People with this disorder have atypical hemoglobin molecules called hemoglobin S, which can distort red blood cells into a sickle, or crescent, shape.
Q33. What is the cause of color blindness?
a) Damage to the retina
b) Absence or malfunction of certain color-detecting molecules in the eye
c) Chronic exposure to bright lights
d) Neurological damage
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Correct Answer: b) Absence or malfunction of certain color-detecting molecules in the eye
Explanation: Color blindness usually occurs when someone cannot distinguish between certain colors, typically between greens and reds, and occasionally blues. This condition is due to the absence or malfunction of color-detecting molecules (photopigments) in the cone cells of the retina.
Q34. Which is not a cause of hypertension (high blood pressure)?
a) Excessive salt intake
b) High cholesterol
c) Physical inactivity
d) Excessive sugar intake
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Correct Answer: d) Excessive sugar intake
Explanation: Hypertension, or high blood pressure, can be influenced by several factors, including excessive salt intake, high cholesterol levels, and physical inactivity. While excessive sugar intake is unhealthy, it’s not directly a cause of high blood pressure.
Q35. Gout is a form of:
a) Heart disease
b) Arthritis
c) Diabetes
d) Kidney disease
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Correct Answer: b) Arthritis
Explanation: Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint. Pain typically comes on rapidly in less than twelve hours. The joint at the base of the big toe is affected most often.
Q36. Crohn’s disease is a type of:
a) Heart disease
b) Inflammatory bowel disease
c) Kidney disease
d) Neurological disorder
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Correct Answer: b) Inflammatory bowel disease
Explanation: Crohn’s disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It causes inflammation of your digestive tract, which can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and malnutrition.
Q37. What does a Pacemaker treat?
a) Diabetes
b) Epilepsy
c) Arrhythmias
d) Asthma
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Correct Answer: c) Arrhythmias
Explanation: A pacemaker is a small device that’s placed in the chest or abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythms. It uses electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate and rhythm.
Q38. A deficiency in which nutrient can cause rickets in children?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin C
c) Vitamin D
d) Iron
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Correct Answer: c) Vitamin D
Explanation: Rickets is a bone disorder caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. It leads to softening and weakening of the bones and is most commonly seen in children.
Q39. What is a common symptom of sleep apnea?
a) Excessive hunger
b) Frequent, loud snoring
c) Blurred vision
d) High blood pressure
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Correct Answer: b) Frequent, loud snoring
Explanation: Sleep apnea is a potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts. A common symptom is frequent, loud snoring, often paired with periods of silence when breathing stops or nearly stops.
Q40. What is jaundice?
a) A virus
b) A type of cancer
c) A symptom of liver malfunction
d) A blood disorder
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Correct Answer: c) A symptom of liver malfunction
Explanation: Jaundice is a condition in which the skin, whites of the eyes and mucous membranes turn yellow because of a high level of bilirubin, a yellow-orange bile pigment. Jaundice has many causes, including hepatitis, gallstones, and tumors, and can indicate a problem with the liver, gallbladder, or pancreas.