Q1. What is the most common cause of the common cold?
a) Bacteria
b) Viruses
c) Fungi
d) Parasites
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Correct Answer: b) Viruses
Explanation: The common cold is primarily caused by viruses, with the rhinovirus being the most common. Viruses responsible for the common cold infect the upper respiratory tract, leading to symptoms like runny nose, sore throat, and cough. Unlike bacteria, viruses are not treated with antibiotics, which is why cold remedies focus on symptom relief.
Q2. Which disease is known as the ‘silent killer’ due to its often asymptomatic nature?
a) Diabetes
b) Hypertension
c) Tuberculosis
d) Hepatitis C
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Correct Answer: b) Hypertension
Explanation: Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is often termed the ‘silent killer’ because it typically has no symptoms but can lead to serious conditions like heart disease and stroke. Regular monitoring of blood pressure is crucial for early detection and management.
Q3. What is Type 1 Diabetes?
a) A lifestyle-related disease
b) An autoimmune disease
c) Caused by a virus
d) A bacterial infection
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Correct Answer: b) An autoimmune disease
Explanation: Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This results in little to no insulin production, requiring individuals to manage their blood sugar levels with insulin injections.
Q4. Malaria is transmitted by:
a) Contaminated water
b) Airborne viruses
c) Mosquito bites
d) Direct contact with an infected person
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Correct Answer: c) Mosquito bites
Explanation: Malaria is transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The mosquitoes carry the Plasmodium parasite, which is transferred to humans through mosquito bites, causing the disease.
Q5. Which of the following is a genetic disorder?
a) Asthma
b) Down Syndrome
c) Meningitis
d) Tuberculosis
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Correct Answer: b) Down Syndrome
Explanation: Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is characterized by physical growth delays, characteristic facial features, and mild to moderate intellectual disability.
Q6. Alzheimer’s disease primarily affects:
a) The liver
b) The heart
c) The lungs
d) The brain
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Correct Answer: d) The brain
Explanation: Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological disorder in which the death of brain cells causes memory loss and cognitive decline. It is a type of dementia that affects memory, thinking, and behavior.
Q7. Tuberculosis is caused by:
a) A virus
b) A bacteria
c) A fungus
d) A parasite
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Correct Answer: b) A bacteria
Explanation: Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. TB is a leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide.
Q8. Which organ is affected by Hepatitis?
a) Heart
b) Lungs
c) Liver
d) Kidneys
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Correct Answer: c) Liver
Explanation: Hepatitis affects the liver, causing inflammation. It can be caused by viruses (like Hepatitis A, B, C), alcohol use, certain medications, toxins, and other infections.
Q9. Parkinson’s disease primarily affects:
a) The heart
b) The brain
c) The joints
d) The skin
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Correct Answer: b) The brain
Explanation: Parkinson’s disease is a progressive nervous system disorder that affects movement. It involves the malfunction and death of vital nerve cells in the brain, leading to symptoms such as tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with balance and coordination.
Q10. Which is not a cardiovascular disease?
a) Hypertension
b) Stroke
c) Asthma
d) Heart failure
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Correct Answer: c) Asthma
Explanation: Asthma is a respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. It is not a cardiovascular disease, which relates to the heart and blood vessels. Hypertension, stroke, and heart failure are all cardiovascular diseases.