Q31. What is the process by which an egg is fertilized outside the female’s body, typically in a laboratory setting?
a) Insemination
b) In vitro fertilization (IVF)
c) Natural fertilization
d) Artificial insemination
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Correct Answer: b) In vitro fertilization (IVF)
Explanation: In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a reproductive technology used to fertilize an egg with sperm outside the female’s body in a laboratory setting. The fertilized egg (zygote) is then transferred to the female’s uterus for implantation and further development.
Q32. Which process involves the fusion of hydrogen atoms to form helium, releasing a large amount of energy in the sun and other stars?
a) Fusion
b) Fission
c) Combustion
d) Transmutation
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Correct Answer: a) Fusion
Explanation: Fusion is the process by which light atomic nuclei, such as hydrogen isotopes, combine to form heavier nuclei, such as helium, with the release of energy. It is the primary energy source powering stars like the Sun and holds potential for clean and sustainable energy production on Earth.
Q33. What is the process by which water vapor in the atmosphere condenses to form clouds, rain, or dew?
a) Condensation
b) Evaporation
c) Sublimation
d) Precipitation
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Correct Answer: a) Condensation
Explanation: Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the atmosphere cools and transforms into liquid water or ice crystals, forming clouds, fog, dew, or precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, or hail).
Q34. Which process involves the incorporation of atmospheric nitrogen into organic compounds by certain bacteria and plants?
a) Nitrogen fixation
b) Nitrification
c) Denitrification
d) Ammonification
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Correct Answer: a) Nitrogen fixation
Explanation: Nitrogen fixation is the biological process by which certain bacteria, such as rhizobia and cyanobacteria, convert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3) or other organic nitrogen compounds that can be utilized by plants to synthesize proteins and nucleic acids.
Q35. What is the process by which a cell engulfs solid particles or other cells by extending its plasma membrane around them?
a) Endocytosis
b) Exocytosis
c) Pinocytosis
d) Phagocytosis
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Correct Answer: d) Phagocytosis
Explanation: Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large solid particles or other cells by extending pseudopodia (cytoplasmic extensions) to surround and internalize them within membrane-bound vesicles called phagosomes.
Q36. Which process involves the removal of waste products from the body by the kidneys and their excretion in the urine?
a) Filtration
b) Reabsorption
c) Secretion
d) Excretion
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Correct Answer: d) Excretion
Explanation: Excretion is the process by which metabolic waste products, excess ions, and other harmful substances are removed from the body by the kidneys and excreted in urine. It plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and eliminating toxins from the body.
Q37. What is the process by which plants absorb water and minerals from the soil through their roots?
a) Transpiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Absorption
d) Osmosis
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Correct Answer: c) Absorption
Explanation: Absorption is the process by which plants absorb water and essential minerals, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, from the soil through their roots. This process occurs through the selective uptake of ions and molecules by root cells.
Q38. Which process involves the release of stored energy in food molecules through a series of biochemical reactions within cells?
a) Respiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Digestion
d) Fermentation
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Correct Answer: a) Respiration
Explanation: Respiration is the biochemical process by which cells release stored energy in food molecules, such as glucose, through a series of metabolic reactions that involve the oxidation of organic compounds and the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) as cellular energy currency.
Q39. What is the process by which an organism grows and develops from a single cell into a complex multicellular organism?
a) Embryogenesis
b) Metamorphosis
c) Development
d) Differentiation
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Correct Answer: a) Embryogenesis
Explanation: Embryogenesis is the process by which a single fertilized egg cell (zygote) undergoes a series of cell divisions, differentiation, and morphogenetic processes to develop into a complex multicellular organism, such as a plant, animal, or fungus, during embryonic development.
Q40. Which process involves the conversion of light energy into electrical energy in photosynthetic organisms, such as plants?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Respiration
c) Fermentation
d) Transpiration
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Correct Answer: a) Photosynthesis
Explanation: Photosynthesis is the biochemical process by which photosynthetic organisms, such as plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose and oxygen gas using chlorophyll and other pigments in chloroplasts.