Q41. Which hormone is released during stress and increases blood sugar levels?
A) Cortisol
B) Adrenaline
C) Insulin
D) Glucagon
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Correct Answer: A) Cortisol
Explanation: Cortisol, known as the stress hormone, is released during stress and has several functions, including increasing blood sugar levels to provide energy.
Q42. What hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and regulates the sleep-wake cycle?
A) Melatonin
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) Norepinephrine
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Correct Answer: A) Melatonin
Explanation: Melatonin, secreted by the pineal gland, regulates the sleep-wake cycle and is associated with the control of circadian rhythms.
Q43. Which hormone is responsible for the maturation of immune cells?
A) Thymosin
B) Interleukin
C) Interferon
D) Growth hormone
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Correct Answer: A) Thymosin
Explanation: Thymosin, produced by the thymus gland, is responsible for the maturation of T cells, which are critical for the immune response.
Q44. What hormone is produced by the adrenal glands and affects the immune system?
A) Cortisol
B) Adrenaline
C) Noradrenaline
D) Aldosterone
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Correct Answer: A) Cortisol
Explanation: Cortisol, produced by the adrenal glands, affects the immune system by suppressing inflammation and is involved in the body’s stress response.
Q45. Which hormone is released by the kidneys to stimulate the production of red blood cells?
A) Erythropoietin
B) Renin
C) Calcitriol
D) Angiotensin
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Correct Answer: A) Erythropoietin
Explanation: Erythropoietin, released by the kidneys, stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells in response to low oxygen levels in the blood.
Q46. What hormone is involved in the development of female secondary sexual characteristics?
A) Testosterone
B) Estrogen
C) Progesterone
D) Prolactin
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Correct Answer: B) Estrogen
Explanation: Estrogen is involved in the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development and the regulation of the menstrual cycle.
Q47. Which hormone is produced by the stomach and increases gastric acid secretion?
A) Gastrin
B) Ghrelin
C) Leptin
D) Pepsinogen
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Correct Answer: A) Gastrin
Explanation: Gastrin, produced by the stomach, stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, which is necessary for the digestive process.
Q48. What hormone is released by the heart in response to high blood pressure?
A) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
B) B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
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Correct Answer: C) Both A and B
Explanation: Both atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are released by the heart in response to high blood pressure and work to reduce it.
Q49. Which hormone is responsible for increasing the concentration of glucose in the blood?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Cortisol
D) Adrenaline
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Correct Answer: B) Glucagon
Explanation: Glucagon, produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas, increases the concentration of glucose in the blood by promoting the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver.
Q50. What hormone is produced by the parathyroid glands and regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood?
A) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
B) Calcitonin
C) Vitamin D
D) Calcitriol
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Correct Answer: A) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Explanation: Parathyroid hormone (PTH), produced by the parathyroid glands, regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood by increasing the release of calcium from bones, absorption from the intestine, and reabsorption from the kidneys.