Q31. Which hormone is involved in regulating the body’s circadian rhythm?
A) Melatonin
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) Adrenaline
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Correct Answer: A) Melatonin
Explanation: Melatonin, produced by the pineal gland, is involved in regulating the body’s circadian rhythm, or internal clock, particularly the sleep-wake cycle.
Q32. What hormone is produced by the stomach to stimulate hunger?
A) Ghrelin
B) Leptin
C) Insulin
D) Glucagon
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Correct Answer: A) Ghrelin
Explanation: Ghrelin, often termed the ‘hunger hormone’, is produced in the stomach and stimulates appetite, leading to increased food intake.
Q33. Which hormone is released by the thyroid gland and lowers blood calcium levels?
A) Calcitonin
B) Parathyroid hormone
C) Thyroxine
D) Triiodothyronine
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Correct Answer: A) Calcitonin
Explanation: Calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland and works to lower blood calcium levels by inhibiting the release of calcium from bones.
Q34. What hormone is released by fat cells and suppresses appetite?
A) Leptin
B) Ghrelin
C) Insulin
D) Glucagon
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Correct Answer: A) Leptin
Explanation: Leptin is released by fat cells and suppresses appetite by signalling the brain that the body has enough energy stored.
Q35. Which hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of growth hormone?
A) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
B) Somatostatin
C) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
D) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
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Correct Answer: A) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
Explanation: Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release growth hormone.
Q36. What hormone is involved in the response to allergens and inflammation?
A) Histamine
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) Adrenaline
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Correct Answer: A) Histamine
Explanation: Histamine is involved in the immune response to allergens and plays a role in inflammation and regulating stomach acid.
Q37. Which hormone is responsible for increasing the absorption of sodium by the kidneys?
A) Aldosterone
B) Cortisol
C) Adrenaline
D) Vasopressin
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Correct Answer: A) Aldosterone
Explanation: Aldosterone, produced by the adrenal cortex, increases the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys, which in turn increases water retention and blood pressure.
Q38. What hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland and helps retain water in the body?
A) Oxytocin
B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) Aldosterone
D) Cortisol
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Correct Answer: B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Explanation: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is released by the posterior pituitary gland and helps the kidneys retain water in the body.
Q39. Which hormone is produced by the ovaries and prepares the uterus for pregnancy?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Luteinizing hormone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone
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Correct Answer: B) Progesterone
Explanation: Progesterone is produced by the ovaries after ovulation and prepares the lining of the uterus for a potential pregnancy.
Q40. What hormone is involved in the regulation of the body’s salt and water balance?
A) Aldosterone
B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
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Correct Answer: C) Both A and B
Explanation: Both aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are involved in the regulation of the body’s salt and water balance, affecting blood pressure and hydration.