Q1. What is the primary function of the human digestive system?
a) To circulate blood
b) To control body temperature
c) To process food and absorb nutrients
d) To remove waste products from the body
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Correct Answer: c) To process food and absorb nutrients
Explanation: The primary function of the human digestive system is to break down food into smaller molecules, absorb these nutrients into the bloodstream, and eliminate undigested food. This complex process involves various organs working in coordination.
Q2. Where does the process of digestion begin?
a) Stomach
b) Small intestine
c) Mouth
d) Esophagus
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Correct Answer: c) Mouth
Explanation: Digestion begins in the mouth, where mechanical digestion starts with chewing, and chemical digestion begins with the secretion of saliva. Saliva contains enzymes like amylase that start breaking down carbohydrates.
Q3. What role does the stomach play in digestion?
a) It primarily absorbs nutrients
b) It produces bile
c) It grinds food and mixes it with digestive juices
d) It is mainly involved in the elimination of waste
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Correct Answer: c) It grinds food and mixes it with digestive juices
Explanation: The stomach plays a crucial role in digestion by grinding food into a finer consistency and mixing it with gastric juices. These juices, containing hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes, aid in the breakdown of proteins.
Q4. Which organ is responsible for producing bile?
a) Pancreas
b) Liver
c) Stomach
d) Small intestine
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Correct Answer: b) Liver
Explanation: The liver produces bile, a digestive juice crucial for the emulsification and absorption of fats in the small intestine. Bile is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder before being released into the intestine.
Q5. What is the main function of the small intestine in the digestive system?
a) To absorb water
b) To absorb nutrients
c) To produce digestive enzymes
d) To eliminate waste
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Correct Answer: b) To absorb nutrients
Explanation: The primary function of the small intestine is the absorption of nutrients. It is here that most of the digestion and absorption of food takes place, facilitated by its large surface area and the presence of digestive enzymes.
Q6. The large intestine is primarily involved in:
a) Absorption of proteins and carbohydrates
b) Production of digestive enzymes
c) Absorption of water and electrolytes
d) Breaking down food particles
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Correct Answer: c) Absorption of water and electrolytes
Explanation: The large intestine, or colon, is mainly responsible for the absorption of water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter. It also plays a role in the formation and elimination of feces.
Q7. Which of the following is not a part of the human digestive system?
a) Liver
b) Pancreas
c) Kidney
d) Gallbladder
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Correct Answer: c) Kidney
Explanation: The kidney is not a part of the digestive system; it is part of the urinary system. The digestive system includes organs like the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder, which are involved in the process of digestion.
Q8. Salivary amylase, an enzyme found in saliva, begins the digestion of:
a) Proteins
b) Fats
c) Carbohydrates
d) Vitamins
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Correct Answer: c) Carbohydrates
Explanation: Salivary amylase is an enzyme in saliva that begins the digestion of carbohydrates. It breaks down starches into smaller molecules like maltose, initiating the process of carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.
Q9. The pancreas contributes to digestion by:
a) Producing bile
b) Absorbing nutrients
c) Secreting digestive enzymes and bicarbonate
d) Eliminating waste products
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Correct Answer: c) Secreting digestive enzymes and bicarbonate
Explanation: The pancreas plays a crucial role in digestion by secreting digestive enzymes into the small intestine. These enzymes aid in breaking down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. The pancreas also secretes bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.
Q10. What is the primary function of the gallbladder in the digestive system?
a) To produce bile
b) To store and concentrate bile
c) To absorb nutrients
d) To produce digestive enzymes
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Correct Answer: b) To store and concentrate bile
Explanation: The gallbladder’s primary function in the digestive system is to store and concentrate bile produced by the liver. It releases bile into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats.