Q21. Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting nutrients, hormones, and waste products?
a) Red blood cells
b) White blood cells
c) Plasma
d) Platelets
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Correct Answer: c) Plasma
Explanation: Plasma, the liquid portion of blood, is primarily responsible for transporting nutrients, hormones, waste products, and other substances throughout the body. It facilitates the exchange of materials between cells and the external environment.
Q22. In humans, the process of blood cell production is known as:
a) Hemolysis
b) Hemostasis
c) Hematopoiesis
d) Hemoglobinopathy
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Correct Answer: c) Hematopoiesis
Explanation: Hematopoiesis is the process by which all blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, are produced. This process mainly occurs in the bone marrow and is vital for replenishing the body’s blood supply.
Q23. What is the primary function of basophils in blood?
a) Blood clotting
b) Oxygen transport
c) Immune response against parasites
d) Carrying hormones
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Correct Answer: c) Immune response against parasites
Explanation: Basophils are a type of white blood cell that play a role in the body’s immune response, especially against parasites. They also contribute to allergic reactions and are involved in the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators.
Q24. Which blood type is considered the universal plasma donor?
a) AB+
b) O-
c) A+
d) B-
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Correct Answer: a) AB+
Explanation: AB+ blood type is considered the universal plasma donor because AB+ plasma can be given to individuals of any blood type. This is because AB+ plasma does not contain the antibodies that would cause a reaction in the recipient’s body.
Q25. What causes the red color of blood?
a) Plasma
b) White blood cells
c) Platelets
d) Hemoglobin in red blood cells
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Correct Answer: d) Hemoglobin in red blood cells
Explanation: The red color of blood is primarily due to hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein found in red blood cells. Hemoglobin binds to oxygen, and this binding causes the red color characteristic of oxygenated blood.
Q26. Which blood cells play a crucial role in allergic reactions and asthma?
a) Eosinophils
b) Neutrophils
c) Monocytes
d) Lymphocytes
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Correct Answer: a) Eosinophils
Explanation: Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that are significantly involved in the body’s allergic responses and in asthma. They are known to combat multicellular parasites and are also linked to the pathogenesis of allergic reactions.
Q27. What is the primary site of red blood cell destruction?
a) Heart
b) Lungs
c) Liver and spleen
d) Kidneys
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Correct Answer: c) Liver and spleen
Explanation: The liver and spleen are the primary sites for the destruction of old and damaged red blood cells. These organs break down hemoglobin, recycle iron, and convert heme to bilirubin, which is then excreted from the body.
Q28. Hemophilia is a condition that affects the blood’s ability to:
a) Fight infection
b) Transport oxygen
c) Clot properly
d) Carry nutrients
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Correct Answer: c) Clot properly
Explanation: Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that impairs the blood’s ability to form clots. People with hemophilia bleed longer than normal, and minor injuries can cause significant bleeding. It’s caused by the lack or malfunction of certain clotting factors in the blood.
Q29. What percentage of human blood is composed of water?
a) 30-40%
b) 50-60%
c) 70-80%
d) 90-95%
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Correct Answer: c) 70-80%
Explanation: About 70-80% of human blood is water. This high water content helps in the efficient transport of substances, regulation of body temperature, and maintenance of pH and osmotic balance.
Q30. The increase in white blood cell count is typically associated with:
a) Dehydration
b) Infections or inflammation
c) Overproduction of red blood cells
d) Excessive exercise
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Correct Answer: b) Infections or inflammation
Explanation: An increase in white blood cell count, or leukocytosis, is typically associated with infections, inflammation, or other immune responses. White blood cells are part of the immune system and increase in number to fight off infections or in response to stress.