Q11. Blood helps in maintaining homeostasis by:
a) Regulating body temperature
b) Initiating muscle contractions
c) Synthesizing amino acids
d) Secreting digestive enzymes
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Correct Answer: a) Regulating body temperature
Explanation: Blood plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, particularly in regulating body temperature. It distributes heat throughout the body, generated by metabolism and muscle movement, and helps in dissipating excess heat through the skin.
Q12. What is the primary role of eosinophils in the blood?
a) Clotting blood
b) Fighting viral infections
c) Combatting parasitic infections
d) Transporting nutrients
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Correct Answer: c) Combatting parasitic infections
Explanation: Eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, are primarily involved in combating parasitic infections. They also play a role in the inflammatory response, especially in allergic reactions, by releasing various chemicals.
Q13. Which ion is essential for the coagulation process in blood?
a) Sodium
b) Potassium
c) Calcium
d) Magnesium
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Correct Answer: c) Calcium
Explanation: Calcium ions play a vital role in the blood coagulation process. They act as a cofactor in several steps of the clotting cascade, helping in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and fibrinogen to fibrin, leading to clot formation.
Q14. Hemolytic disease of the newborn can occur due to:
a) ABO incompatibility
b) Rh factor incompatibility
c) Low fetal hemoglobin
d) Both A and B
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Correct Answer: d) Both A and B
Explanation: Hemolytic disease of the newborn can occur due to ABO incompatibility or Rh factor incompatibility between the mother and fetus. This condition happens when the mother’s immune system attacks the fetal red blood cells, leading to hemolysis.
Q15. The blood disorder characterized by the overproduction of red blood cells is called:
a) Hemophilia
b) Anemia
c) Thalassemia
d) Polycythemia
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Correct Answer: d) Polycythemia
Explanation: Polycythemia is a blood disorder characterized by the overproduction of red blood cells, which makes the blood thicker and can lead to complications like clotting, strokes, or heart attacks. It can be a primary bone marrow disorder or secondary to other conditions.
Q16. Which type of blood vessel carries blood back to the heart?
a) Arteries
b) Arterioles
c) Veins
d) Capillaries
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Correct Answer: c) Veins
Explanation: Veins are blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. They transport deoxygenated blood from various parts of the body (except pulmonary veins carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart).
Q17. The primary function of monocytes in the blood is to:
a) Produce antibodies
b) Clot blood
c) Engulf and digest foreign substances
d) Transport oxygen
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Correct Answer: c) Engulf and digest foreign substances
Explanation: Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that play a major role in the immune response. They engulf and digest pathogens, foreign substances, and dead cells through a process called phagocytosis.
Q18. An elevated neutrophil count might indicate:
a) A viral infection
b) A bacterial infection
c) A parasitic infection
d) A genetic disorder
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Correct Answer: b) A bacterial infection
Explanation: An elevated count of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, is commonly associated with bacterial infections. Neutrophils are the first responders to bacterial infection and their numbers increase rapidly in response to such invasions.
Q19. Which of the following is not a function of the blood?
a) Transportation of gases
b) Regulation of pH
c) Synthesis of enzymes
d) Protection against diseases
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Correct Answer: c) Synthesis of enzymes
Explanation: While blood is responsible for the transportation of gases (like oxygen and carbon dioxide), regulation of pH, and protection against diseases, it does not synthesize enzymes. Enzymes are generally produced by various organs and tissues in the body.
Q20. The primary regulator of red blood cell production is:
a) Erythropoietin
b) Thrombopoietin
c) Leukopoietin
d) Hemoglobin
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Correct Answer: a) Erythropoietin
Explanation: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone primarily produced by the kidneys. It is the key regulator of red blood cell production (erythropoiesis). EPO stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells in response to low oxygen levels in the body.