Q21. Humans belong to which of the following subphyla within the phylum Chordata?
a) Urochordata
b) Cephalochordata
c) Vertebrata
d) Echinodermata
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Correct Answer: c) Vertebrata
Explanation: Humans belong to the subphylum Vertebrata within the phylum Chordata. Vertebrates are characterized by the presence of a backbone or vertebral column, which provides structural support and protects the spinal cord. This distinguishes vertebrates, including humans, from other chordates.
Q22. The taxonomic classification of humans places them in the domain:
a) Animalia
b) Eukarya
c) Archaea
d) Bacteria
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Correct Answer: b) Eukarya
Explanation: The taxonomic classification of humans places them in the domain Eukarya. Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells contain a nucleus enclosed within membranes, as well as other membrane-bound organelles. This domain includes a wide range of organisms, from single-celled protists to multicellular animals like humans.
Q23. What is the term used to describe the branch of biology concerned with the identification, classification, and naming of organisms?
a) Ecology
b) Genetics
c) Taxonomy
d) Evolutionary biology
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Correct Answer: c) Taxonomy
Explanation: Taxonomy is the branch of biology concerned with the identification, classification, and naming of organisms. Taxonomists organize organisms into hierarchical groups based on shared characteristics to reflect evolutionary relationships and facilitate scientific communication.
Q24. Which of the following taxonomic ranks is broader than the kingdom?
a) Phylum
b) Class
c) Order
d) Domain
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Correct Answer: d) Domain
Explanation: Among the options provided, the taxonomic rank of domain is broader than the kingdom. Domains represent the highest level of taxonomic classification and are based on fundamental differences in cellular structure and molecular composition. The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
Q25. The taxonomic rank immediately below the phylum is:
a) Kingdom
b) Class
c) Order
d) Family
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Correct Answer: b) Class
Explanation: The taxonomic rank immediately below the phylum is class. A class encompasses groups of organisms with similar fundamental characteristics but is more specific than a phylum. Classes group together related orders within a particular phylum.
Q26. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the taxonomic rank “phylum”?
a) It is broader than the class but narrower than the kingdom.
b) It is composed of one or more families.
c) It is immediately below the order in the hierarchical classification system.
d) It represents a higher taxonomic rank than the domain.
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Correct Answer: a) It is broader than the class but narrower than the kingdom.
Explanation: The taxonomic rank “phylum” is broader than the class but narrower than the kingdom. Phyla represent major groups of organisms characterized by certain fundamental features or body plans, encompassing multiple classes within a kingdom.
Q27. Which of the following domains includes humans?
a) Archaea
b) Bacteria
c) Eukarya
d) Prokaryota
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Correct Answer: c) Eukarya
Explanation: Humans belong to the domain Eukarya, which includes all organisms with cells that contain a nucleus enclosed within membranes. Eukaryotes encompass a wide range of organisms, from single-celled protists to multicellular plants, fungi, and animals like humans.
Q28. The taxonomic rank “family” is immediately below which of the following ranks?
a) Order
b) Genus
c) Phylum
d) Class
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Correct Answer: a) Order
Explanation: The taxonomic rank “family” is immediately below the rank of order in the hierarchical classification system. Families group together genera that share certain evolutionary relationships and morphological characteristics but are more specific than orders.
Q29. The taxonomic rank “genus” is immediately above which of the following ranks?
a) Species
b) Family
c) Order
d) Phylum
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Correct Answer: a) Species
Explanation: The taxonomic rank “genus” is immediately above the rank of species in the hierarchical classification system. Genera represent groups of closely related species that share a common ancestor and exhibit similar morphological and genetic characteristics.
Q30. The taxonomic rank immediately below the kingdom is:
a) Phylum
b) Class
c) Domain
d) Order
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Correct Answer: a) Phylum
Explanation: The taxonomic rank immediately below the kingdom is phylum. Phyla represent major groups of organisms characterized by certain fundamental features or body plans, encompassing multiple classes within a kingdom.