Q21. Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the cell?
a) Nucleus
b) Ribosome
c) Endoplasmic reticulum
d) Peroxisome
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Correct Answer: d) Peroxisome
Explanation: Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles responsible for detoxifying harmful substances, such as hydrogen peroxide, and breaking down fatty acids in the cell.
Q22. What is the term for the process by which organisms produce offspring similar to themselves?
a) Evolution
b) Mutation
c) Reproduction
d) Adaptation
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Correct Answer: c) Reproduction
Explanation: Reproduction is the biological process by which organisms produce offspring, ensuring the continuation of their species. It can occur through sexual or asexual means.
Q23. Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?
a) Microfilaments
b) Microtubules
c) Intermediate filaments
d) Ribosomes
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Correct Answer: d) Ribosomes
Explanation: Ribosomes are cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis and are not part of the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton consists of microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments, providing structural support and facilitating cell movement.
Q24. What is the process by which cells specialize into different cell types during development?
a) Differentiation
b) Replication
c) Osmosis
d) Metabolism
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Correct Answer: a) Differentiation
Explanation: Differentiation is the process by which cells undergo specialization to become different cell types with specific structures and functions during the development of multicellular organisms.
Q25. Which of the following is a characteristic of viruses?
a) Presence of a cell membrane
b) Ability to reproduce outside of a host cell
c) Independent metabolism
d) Genetic material either DNA or RNA
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Correct Answer: d) Genetic material either DNA or RNA
Explanation: Viruses are infectious agents composed of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. They lack a cellular structure, metabolism, and the ability to reproduce outside of a host cell.
Q26. What is the term for the variety of life forms on Earth and the ecological roles they perform?
a) Ecosystem
b) Biodiversity
c) Trophic level
d) Food web
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Correct Answer: b) Biodiversity
Explanation: Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms on Earth, including genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity, as well as the ecological roles and functions they perform.
Q27. Which of the following is NOT a domain in the modern classification system of life?
a) Archaea
b) Bacteria
c) Protista
d) Eukarya
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Correct Answer: c) Protista
Explanation: The modern classification system of life recognizes three domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. The kingdom Protista is considered polyphyletic and is no longer used as a major taxonomic group.
Q28. Which of the following is an example of a multicellular fungus?
a) Yeast
b) Mushroom
c) Paramecium
d) Amoeba
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Correct Answer: b) Mushroom
Explanation: Mushrooms are examples of multicellular fungi, belonging to the kingdom Fungi. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that obtain nutrients through absorption and can be unicellular (e.g., yeast) or multicellular (e.g., mushrooms).
Q29. What is the term for the process by which organisms regulate their internal temperature within a narrow range?
a) Osmoregulation
b) Homeostasis
c) Thermoregulation
d) Metabolism
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Correct Answer: c) Thermoregulation
Explanation: Thermoregulation is the physiological process by which organisms maintain their body temperature within a narrow range, despite changes in external temperature, through various mechanisms such as sweating or shivering.
Q30. Which of the following is a function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Lipid synthesis
c) Detoxification
d) All of the above
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Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous organelle with two types: rough ER, involved in protein synthesis, and smooth ER, involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification of harmful substances. Therefore, all options are correct.