Q11. What is the term for the process in which plants produce offspring that are genetically identical to the parent plant?
a) Sexual reproduction
b) Cross-pollination
c) Asexual reproduction
d) Self-pollination
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Correct Answer: c) Asexual reproduction
Explanation: Asexual reproduction in plants involves the production of offspring that are genetically identical to the parent plant, as there is no exchange of genetic material with another individual. This process allows for rapid clonal propagation and is common in many plant species as a means of reproduction and propagation.
Q12. Which method of asexual reproduction involves the formation of new individuals from specialized structures called rhizoids?
a) Budding
b) Fragmentation
c) Rhizoid propagation
d) Spore formation
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Correct Answer: c) Rhizoid propagation
Explanation: Rhizoid propagation is a method of asexual reproduction in certain plants, particularly mosses and liverworts, where specialized structures called rhizoids produce new individuals. Rhizoids are root-like structures that anchor the plant to the substrate and absorb water and nutrients, and they can also give rise to new plants under suitable conditions.
Q13. What is the term for the formation of adventitious roots on stems or leaves, allowing them to develop into new plants?
a) Stolonization
b) Rhizomization
c) Adventitious propagation
d) Bud multiplication
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Correct Answer: c) Adventitious propagation
Explanation: Adventitious propagation is the process by which adventitious roots form on stems, leaves, or other plant parts, enabling them to develop into new plants. This method of asexual reproduction is commonly employed in horticulture for propagating plants from cuttings or other vegetative parts without the need for seeds.
Q14. Which method of asexual reproduction involves the detachment of specialized structures called bulbils, allowing them to develop into new plants?
a) Budding
b) Fragmentation
c) Bulbil propagation
d) Spore formation
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Correct Answer: c) Bulbil propagation
Explanation: Bulbil propagation is a method of asexual reproduction where bulbils, small specialized structures containing meristematic cells, detach from the parent plant and develop into new plants under suitable conditions. This method is observed in various plant species and is utilized in horticulture for propagating certain plants.
Q15. What is the term for the formation of new individuals from the outgrowth of roots or shoots from a parent plant?
a) Rhizomatization
b) Stolonization
c) Vegetative proliferation
d) Adventitious propagation
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Correct Answer: d) Adventitious propagation
Explanation: Adventitious propagation is the process by which new individuals develop from outgrowths of roots or shoots from a parent plant. These adventitious roots or shoots may arise from various plant parts, such as stems, leaves, or roots, and can give rise to genetically identical offspring through asexual reproduction.
Q16. Which method of asexual reproduction involves the detachment of specialized structures called gemmae, leading to the development of new plants?
a) Gemmulation
b) Fragmentation
c) Sporulation
d) Bulbil formation
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Correct Answer: a) Gemmulation
Explanation: Gemmulation is a method of asexual reproduction in certain plants, such as liverworts, where specialized structures called gemmae detach from the parent plant and develop into new individuals. Gemmae are typically small, multicellular reproductive bodies capable of giving rise to new plants under favorable conditions.
Q17. What is the term for the process in which detached plant parts, such as leaves or stems, are induced to produce roots and develop into new plants?
a) Adventitious propagation
b) Vegetative propagation
c) Rhizoid formation
d) Tuberization
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Correct Answer: a) Adventitious propagation
Explanation: Adventitious propagation is the process by which detached plant parts, such as leaves, stems, or roots, are induced to produce roots and develop into new plants. This method of asexual reproduction is commonly employed in horticulture for propagating plants from cuttings or other vegetative parts without the need for seeds.
Q18. Which method of asexual reproduction involves the detachment of specialized structures called runners, allowing them to develop into new plants?
a) Budding
b) Fragmentation
c) Runner propagation
d) Spore formation
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Correct Answer: c) Runner propagation
Explanation: Runner propagation is a method of asexual reproduction where specialized stems called runners, also known as stolons, detach from the parent plant and develop into new plants at nodes. This method is observed in various plant species and allows for the rapid clonal propagation of offspring.
Q19. What is the term for the process in which new individuals develop from the outgrowth of lateral buds on stems or roots?
a) Stolonization
b) Rhizomatization
c) Adventitious propagation
d) Bud multiplication
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Correct Answer: a) Stolonization
Explanation: Stolonization is the process by which new individuals develop from the outgrowth of lateral buds on stems or roots, leading to the formation of specialized stems called stolons or runners. These stolons enable plants to spread horizontally and reproduce asexually by giving rise to genetically identical offspring.
Q20. Which method of asexual reproduction involves the detachment of specialized structures called propagules, leading to the development of new plants?
a) Budding
b) Fragmentation
c) Propagule propagation
d) Spore formation
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Correct Answer: c) Propagule propagation
Explanation: Propagule propagation is a method of asexual reproduction where specialized structures called propagules detach from the parent plant and develop into new individuals. Propagules may include bulbils, tubers, rhizomes, or other vegetative structures capable of giving rise to new plants under suitable conditions.