Q1. Which of the following is a method of asexual reproduction in plants where new individuals develop from specialized structures such as bulbs, corms, or tubers?
a) Budding
b) Fragmentation
c) Vegetative propagation
d) Spore formation
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Correct Answer: c) Vegetative propagation
Explanation: Vegetative propagation involves the formation of new plants from specialized vegetative structures such as bulbs, corms, rhizomes, or tubers. These structures contain meristematic cells capable of giving rise to roots, shoots, and eventually new plants, allowing for rapid clonal reproduction without the involvement of seeds.
Q2. In which method of asexual reproduction do new individuals develop from outgrowths or buds on the parent organism?
a) Fragmentation
b) Spore formation
c) Budding
d) Runners
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Correct Answer: c) Budding
Explanation: Budding is a form of asexual reproduction in which new individuals, known as buds, develop from outgrowths on the parent organism. These buds may remain attached to the parent or detach to form independent organisms. Budding is commonly observed in organisms such as yeast, hydra, and some plants.
Q3. What is the term for a specialized stem that grows horizontally above the ground and produces new plants at nodes?
a) Rhizome
b) Stolon
c) Tuber
d) Bulb
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Correct Answer: b) Stolon
Explanation: Stolons, also known as runners, are specialized stems that grow horizontally above the ground and produce new plants at nodes. These horizontal stems allow plants to spread and colonize new areas, facilitating asexual reproduction. Examples of plants that reproduce via stolons include strawberries and spider plants.
Q4. Which method of asexual reproduction involves the separation of a parent organism into two or more parts, each of which can develop into a new individual?
a) Budding
b) Fragmentation
c) Vegetative propagation
d) Spore formation
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Correct Answer: b) Fragmentation
Explanation: Fragmentation is a method of asexual reproduction where a parent organism breaks into two or more fragments, each capable of developing into a new individual. This process is common in organisms such as algae, fungi, and some plants, where fragments regenerate missing parts to form complete organisms.
Q5. What is the name for the specialized underground stem that stores food and produces shoots and roots at nodes?
a) Rhizome
b) Stolon
c) Tuber
d) Bulb
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Correct Answer: c) Tuber
Explanation: A tuber is a specialized underground stem that stores nutrients and produces shoots and roots at nodes. Examples of plants that produce tubers include potatoes and yams. Tubers serve as a means of asexual reproduction, as new plants can develop from the buds or “eyes” present on the surface of the tuber.
Q6. Which of the following is a method of asexual reproduction in plants where specialized reproductive structures release spores that develop into new individuals?
a) Budding
b) Fragmentation
c) Vegetative propagation
d) Spore formation
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Correct Answer: d) Spore formation
Explanation: Spore formation is a method of asexual reproduction in plants where specialized structures, such as sporangia or sori, release spores. These spores germinate under suitable conditions to develop into new individuals, often with a different morphology from the parent plant. Spore formation is common in ferns, mosses, and fungi.
Q7. In which method of asexual reproduction do new individuals develop from lateral branches that grow horizontally underground?
a) Rhizome
b) Stolon
c) Tuber
d) Bulb
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Correct Answer: a) Rhizome
Explanation: A rhizome is a specialized underground stem that grows horizontally and gives rise to new individuals from lateral branches. Rhizomes often store nutrients and allow plants to spread vegetatively, forming extensive colonies. Plants such as ginger and iris reproduce via rhizomes, which produce new shoots and roots at nodes.
Q8. Which method of asexual reproduction involves the formation of new individuals from specialized structures called gemmae cups?
a) Budding
b) Fragmentation
c) Gemmulation
d) Spore formation
Correct Answer: c) Gemmulation
Explanation: Gemmulation is a method of asexual reproduction in certain plants, such as liverworts, where specialized structures called gemmae cups produce gemmae—small, multicellular reproductive bodies. These gemmae are dispersed by rainwater and can develop into new individuals under favorable conditions, allowing for clonal propagation.
Q9. What is the term for the process in which a detached plant organ, such as a leaf or stem, develops into a new plant?
a) Regeneration
b) Propagation
c) Budding
d) Fragmentation
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Correct Answer: a) Regeneration
Explanation: Regeneration is the process by which a detached plant organ, such as a leaf, stem, or root, is capable of developing into a new plant. This phenomenon occurs due to the presence of meristematic cells capable of cell division and differentiation, allowing for the regeneration of missing parts and the formation of new individuals.
Q10. Which method of asexual reproduction involves the formation of new individuals from specialized structures called bulbils?
a) Budding
b) Fragmentation
c) Bulbil formation
d) Spore formation
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Correct Answer: c) Bulbil formation
Explanation: Bulbil formation is a method of asexual reproduction in plants where specialized structures called bulbils develop on the parent plant. These bulbils are small, dormant buds capable of developing into new individuals when detached from the parent plant and provided with suitable conditions. Examples of plants that produce bulbils include garlic and tiger lilies.